Educing Information: Interrogation - National Intelligence University

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INDEX A Abu Ghraib, 130, 245, 253, 319 Accuracy, 4, 17, 19, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 46, 65-68, 70, 71, 73, 82, 83, 85, 107, 111, 137, 150, 163, 205, 231, 242, 248, 295, 302, 305, 307, 313, 320, 325 Affiliation, 117, 178, 279, 314 Agility, 257 All-seeing eye approach, 126 Alternative question methodology, 110, 111, 148, 183, 189, 190, 202, 207, 212, 224 Ambiguity, 102, 129, 134, 256, 258 Appreciation, 195, 244, 280 Approach avoidance, 22, 110 Army Field Manual 34-52, 6, 18, 126, 127, 303 Attitudes, 21, 22, 29, 33, 37, 47, 64, 107, 114, 116, 147, 150, 152, 178, 180, 184, 193, 202, 272, 292, 301, 312, 321, 326 Authority, 23, 36, 110, 116, 120, 151, 172, 175, 293, 297-299, 313, 324 Authority principle, 105, 112, 126 Autonomy, 279, 280 B Barriers to success, 3, 6, 115, 235, 236, 244, 247, 248, 250, 265 BATNA (Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement), 254, 275, 276, 281, 298, 299 Behavioral indicators, 5, 45, 46, 52, 308 Behavioral science, 1, 3, 4, 10, 17-19, 104, 249 Behavioral symptoms, 142, 174 Behavioral cues, 47, 48, 113 Biderman, Albert D., 33, 98, 132, 139, 311, 316, 317, 323 Bind-strain theory, 110 Body language (see Body movements) Body movements, 47, 68, 118, 122, 146, 213, 220, 238, 255, 265 Book of Five Rings, 263 Boston Police Department, 142, 144, 212, 214, 217, 228, 230 Boyd, Colonel John, USAF, 253, 257, 258, 263 Brain activation patterns (see Electroencephalography (EEG)) Breaking point, 30, 319, 322 Bush Administration, 320 329
C Camp 020 (MI-5), 318, 249, 254 Camp David negotiation, 273 Case study, 144, 218, 314 Casual empiricism, 10, 11 Centers of gravity, 104, 247 Chaos, 134, 256, 258 CIA (Central <strong>Intelligence</strong> Agency), 5, 75, 96, 106, 237, 311, 315, 320, 322 Cialdini, Robert B., 23, 105, 112, 119, 126, 128 Circular logic, 246 CITP (see Criminal Investigator Training Program) Clash of Civilizations, 244 Classes, 204, 212, 218 Coercion or coercive methods, 9-14, 19, 24-27, 35, 36, 96, 98, 102, 106, 114, 120, 123, 124, 130-133, 136, 137, 149, 174, 200, 201, 221, 222, 264, 306-309, 313, 316, 320-322, 325, 326 Coleman, Daniel, 214-217, 220, 230 Commitment (see also Irrevocable Commitments), 24,25, 36, 54,117, 125, 154, 273, 275, 282, 293, 297, 322 Communications (see also Non-verbal Communication), 13, 19-21, 26, 34, 36, 45, 46, 48, 104, 106, 118, 121, 136, 140, 147, 151, 177, 180, 183-185, 197, 208, 210, 212, 236, 238, 247-250, 255, 279, 280, 313, 323 Compliance, 17, 20, 22, 24, 25, 33, 35-37, 102, 103, 105, 109, 110, 114, 116, 119, 124, 126, 128-131, 137, 191, 196, 313, 316, 317 Confession (see also Oral Confession; Securing the Confession), 5, 6, 18, 39, 74, 99, 100, 110, 111, 118, 142, 144, 145-152, 155-159, 163-175, 183, 186-191, 193, 194, 200-204, 207, 209, 210, 212, 215-217, 220, 222, 224, 225, 227-232, 256, 304, 316, 319, 321 Confidence (see also Interviewer Confidence), 16, 47, 49, 85, 107, 111, 112, 119, 123, 172, 176, 181, 190, 200, 212, 224, 227, 238, 262, 275, 304 Confirmation bias, 304 Confusion, pressure caused by, 29, 129, 134 Consistency (see also Consistency principle and Internal consistency), 24, 36, 171, 185, 253-255, 262 Consistency principle (see also Consistency and Internal consistency), 112, 128 Consultation teams, 249, 261 Contentious tactics, 273 Contingency agreement, 272 Controlled exchange of information, 250, 251 Cooperate, 1, 13, 330
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Educing Information Interrogation:
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Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg Senior Scie
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The National Defense Intelligence C
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8. Negotiation Theory and Practice:
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Foreword Robert A. Destro* Educing
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that the interrogation of adverse p
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for interrogation. What kinds of
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Commentaries Educing Information: T
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to public execution. This saved the
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of principles and rules to guide th
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Educing Information: Interrogation
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move, but defecate and urinate on t
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in Korea and Vietnam. Important les
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(SLATT) Program. Dr. Borum is a Boa
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Rowe is married to the Study Direct
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than “interrogate,” which incre
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• Begun to map the relevance of n
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The effectiveness of standard inter
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complexity of our choices and the n
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contemporary experience of other co
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that it is widely believed to be th
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treatment would have some positive
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programs and strategies in the most
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information on our adversaries’ p
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communications, discourse analysis,
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4,405 published entries. Not surpri
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Reciprocity There is a powerful —
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using coercive strategies also has
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directives. If anything the case ag
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VI. Consume Resistance A longstandi
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Ketcham, 1994; Roediger and McDermo
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• General cognitive slowing (Ding
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in non-Western cultures, so there i
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References Bartlett, F.C. (1932). R
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Knowles, E. S., Butler, S., and Lin
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Schacter, D. (ed.) (1995). Memory D
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3 Research on Detection of Deceptio
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methods are potentially valuable to
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negative statements or complaints,
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younger and more limited in life ex
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in obtaining information. The pract
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References 1. Akehurst, L., R. Bull
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28. Raskin, D. C., Kircher, J. C.,
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55. Dulaney, E. F. (1982). “Chang
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82. Izard, C. E. (1994). “Innate
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methodological means for detecting
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The use of the polygraph for securi
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and potentially could interfere wit
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fixates when it pauses in a particu
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Potential Research has not yet esta
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the Korean War to release repressed
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consuming to emplace properly, and
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The differences in experimental des
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his government funding. Langleben h
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training duration, and inter-traini
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detection [emphasis in original]”
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References Abe, Nobuhito, Suzuki, M
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Elaad, E., and Ben-Shakhar, G. (199
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Kozel, F. A., Revell, L. J., Lorber
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Raskin, D. C., and Honts, C. R. (20
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5 KUBARK Counterintelligence Interr
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ests in the nature of two fundament
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not reach the depth required in an
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Qualities of an Effective Interroga
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thoughtful, systematic approach. In
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While the Joint Interrogation Facil
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generally sound tactics from the be
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source pool. The disciplined interr
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undermining the objectivity and acc
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The fundamental objective of an int
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generated inside the interrogatee.
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may be driven by intra- and/or inte
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as the sights and sounds of an outs
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to reliably filter out those indivi
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expressions), vocal cues (e.g., cha
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Second, there is the tactical error
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that it is typical of the other ser
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Alice in Wonderland: The Power of A
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The concept of regression appears t
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In general, direct physical brutali
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een accomplished would the interrog
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himself, and then projects the cont
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The U.S. interrogation effort must
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6 Custodial Interrogations: What We
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While few U.S. jurisdictions requir
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Factors Inhibiting Confession Gisli
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and the suspect’s anxiety to obta
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• Many criminal investigations ca
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are not based on what is objectivel
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almost nonexistent and interrogator
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inconsistent with information from
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Social Events The first type of soc
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and make them more responsive to in
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others within that environment.”
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that it is necessary to ask the que
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Study Country Type ofData Sample Co
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observe and document the interrogat
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2. Gender: Gudjonsson notes that ap
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legal advice. 349 Though not direct
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while unsuccessful interrogations w
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discuss them. 391 Moreover, one can
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learned to observe and interpret hu
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suspect. 426 In addition, the autho
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3. Establish confidence and friendl
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At the closing, Dillon suggests aga
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The Reid Technique text then review
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the suspect “man-to-man” rather
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Step 5 - Procurement and Retention
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Make Submission Tolerable The suspe
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• The Singleness of Purpose • T
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Good Cop/Bad Cop One interrogation
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suggested by Inbau et al., Royal an
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in mind the possibility that the pe
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in the police may be undermined, wh
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to the confession factors. Moreover
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1. Preparation: Agents are urged to
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should also be attentive to signs o
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studies have tested the specific FB
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Once the agents have completed thei
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that indicate deception, and to not
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implemented to ensure that any stat
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or even a seemingly random phone nu
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to know oneself and one’s limits
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educed the scope of coercive questi
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Finally, Sturgeon mentioned that al
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confess at lower rates than those n
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variation for different types of su
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suspicious of an overly friendly in
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1. Whether the Reid Technique and i
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to discuss and exchange techniques,
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Linguistic/Cultural Barriers Words
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field experience) the professional
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Operation ENDURING FREEDOM Language
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Contractors - Prior-Service Militar
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language pool, as advised by the Ho
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words and deeds that individuals or
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using SIM cards, 651 instant messag
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subject-matter experts observe the
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systems approach recognizes interro
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to find a better operational exempl
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Making Sense of Chaos and Ambiguity
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philosophy that advances the follow
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The OODA Loop. Source: Defense and
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Example of Action: The interrogator
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this technology fall far short of t
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Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of St
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This report, then, represents an ef
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The Pareto Curve. Source: Roger Fis
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claimed that a piece of land in the
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negotiation. Standards of legitimac
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that the other party will refuse to
Page 311 and 312: face or, better yet, improve their
Page 313 and 314: creatively; they improve the likeli
Page 315 and 316: Commitments Commit to telling no or
Page 317 and 318: Neale, M.A., Huber, V.L., and North
Page 319 and 320: Introduction Any interaction betwee
Page 321 and 322: first told that A and B have constr
Page 323 and 324: house, namely, that they want to se
Page 325 and 326: information, rather than to harm th
Page 327 and 328: their beliefs about the “illegali
Page 329 and 330: How and when an interrogator would
Page 331 and 332: tactic might work if the source wil
Page 333 and 334: Preparing with Respect to U.S. Inte
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Page 337 and 338: After drilling a small hole in the
Page 339 and 340: accuracy and/or usefulness of educe
Page 341 and 342: Venue 3: Experiments with SERE Stud
Page 343 and 344: Conclusion Experience and lessons l
Page 345 and 346: This essay presents lessons that th
Page 347 and 348: Bond, M. (2004). “The Prisoner.
Page 349 and 350: Russian and Chinese methods and the
Page 351 and 352: Goldberger, L. (1993). “Sensory D
Page 353 and 354: McCoy, A. W. (2005). “Cruel Scien
Page 355 and 356: A psychiatrist chronicles the decli
Page 357 and 358: Hinkle Jr, L. E. (1963). Notes on t
Page 359 and 360: Leo, R. A. (1992). “From Coercion
Page 361: Krauthammer, C. (2005, 5 December).
Page 365 and 366: Fear, 11, 24, 25, 29, 33, 36, 68, 6
Page 367 and 368: L Language (see also Foreign langua
Page 369 and 370: Positions (see also Perceptual posi
Page 371 and 372: Strategy, 12, 20, 21, 26-29, 32, 10
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