navmc dir 5100.8 marine corps occupational safety and ... - US Navy

MARCOR OSH PROGRAM MANUAL 1000210002. HAZARD CONTROL PRINCIPLES. Safety professionals arespecialists who, through training and experience, developproficiency in risk assessment and hazard abatement. Theirtraining includes the recognition, evaluation, and control ofwork center hazards and in operational training environments.Both the safety professional and the industrial hygienists shallbe thoroughly familiar with potential hazards created by variousmaterials, equipment, and operations used in facilities. Theyshall also be aware of special designs required by OSH standardsto minimize certain work center hazards. Some of the principlesapplied to prevent or mitigate work center hazards are:1. Engineering Controlsa. Substitution. The risk of injury or illness may bereduced by replacement of an existing (or intended) process,material, or equipment with a similar item having a more limitedhazard potential. An example of beneficial process changeincludes airless painting vice spray-painting to reduce noiseand atomization levels. Equipment changes might include use ofelectric motors rather than internal combustion engines toreduce carbon monoxide exposures. Also, the use of safety cansin place of bottles to store flammable solvents is a method toreduce fire hazards. Examples of material substitution includeswitching from trichloroethylene to 1,1,1 trichloroethane(methyl chloroform) for solvent degreasing, to reduce risk ofinjury to the liver and kidneys of exposed workers. Care mustbe exercised in any substitution to ensure the substitute is notmore hazardous than the item being substituted.b. Isolation. Hazards are controlled by isolation wheneveran appropriate barrier is placed between the hazard and anindividual who may be affected by the hazard. This isolationcan be in the form of physical barriers, time separation, ordistance. Examples include machine guards, electricalinsulation, acoustical enclosures for a loud compressor, andremote controlled equipment.c. Ventilation. Control of potentially hazardous airbornesubstances by ventilation can be accomplished by one of twomethods. The first is termed general ventilation or dilutionventilation; the second is called local exhaust ventilation.10-5