The Fall of the Athenian Empire-(A New History of the Peloponnesian War) Donald Kagan - (1987)

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I So _THE FALL OF THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE the midst of the tumult, the new navarch, Mindarus, came to relieve Astyochus. It was only August, but we cannot be sure he was replaced because of the complaints against them, although in this case that is surely possible. 80 Astyochus sailed for home, and we get some idea of the tenseness and complication of the political situation at Miletus from the passenger lists of various ships sailing from there to Sparta at that time. The Milesians were on their way to complain against the behavior of Tissaphernes, thinking, no doubt, that a good offense was the best defense against the charges he would certainly bring against them for their attack on his garrison. With them went Hermocrates, the Syracusan, the hero of Sicily, and for some time the harshest critic of Tissaphernes. His purpose was to complain against the satrap and his collaborator Alcibiades, who were deliberately ruining the Peloponnesians with their duplicitous policy. 81 Along with Astyochus sailed Gaulites, a Carian who could speak both Greek and Persian and Tissaphernes' envoy. The satrap, too, intended to take the offensive by complaining of the Milesian attack on his fort, but his spokesman was also instructed to defend his master against the charges his enemies would bring against him. 82 All of this turmoil must have delighted Alcibiades, who was at the side of Tissaphernes during at least part of it." Soon after his return to Samos, the ambassadors from the Four Hundred at Athens also arrived from Delos, where they had stopped on hearing of the democratic revolution on the island. 84 Their attempt to speak before the assembly was shouted down by the angry soldiers, who wanted to kill the men who had destroyed the democracy. Finally, the ambassadors refused Lichas burial in their territory (84. 5). We are not told the reason for Lichas' action. Perhaps it was merely practical, meant to avoid any greater breach with Tissaphernes, in which case we need not deduce anything from this passage about his or Sparta's attitude toward the legalities of the third treaty, which Lichas had helped negotiate, nor about his or Sparta's ultimate intentions. For discussion of these points, see Ste. Croix, Origins, 154-155• JIJ-JI4i Lewis, Sparta and Persia, I04-105; HCT V, 279-280. 80 See above, n. 66. 81 Hermocrates had a special motive for going to Sparta with his complaints at this time. He had lately been relieved of his command by the restored democracy at Syracuse. (For a defense of this dare for his dismissal against Xenophon's statement that it happened in 410 [1.1.27-3 1], seeHCTV, 281-285 .) Tissaphernes took advantage of his exposed situation as an exile without a command to attack him (8.8s.J). az8.ss. 81 Thucydides (8.85.4) tells us that Alcibiades had already left Tissaphernes and returned to Samos when Astyochus and the others set sail for Sparta. 848.]2.1; 77·
THE FOUR HUNDRED IN POWER 181 were allowed to speak, and they delivered their message according to instructions. 85 They insisted that the revolution had been made not to destroy the city but ro save it. There was no intention of betraying it to the enemy, for the Four Hundred could easily have done so when Agis made his attack on the walls. 86 They asserted that the new regime would not be a narrow oligarchy of the Four Hundred but that the Five Thousand would govern." They also denounced Chaereas' charges as lies, assuring their audience that their relatives were safe. 85 lnstructions: 8.72. ~HCTV, zBs. 87 My understanding of this assertion derives from a combination of B. 72.1 and 8.86. 3· In the former passage, the oligarchic leaders at Athens instruct their ambassadors to tell the army at Samos "that not only Four Hundred but Five Thousand were taking part in the government;- although, because of military service and activities outside Attica, no matter had ever yet arisen so important to bring the Five Thousand together for deliberation." 'TI"EVTO.Kwx£i\wL TE On eC€-v Kat oU TETpaK6
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The Fall of the Athenian Empire DON
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For Bob and Fred, the best of sons
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Vlll PREFACE rebelled against them,
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X PREFACE of each situation. Inevit
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Contents Maps Abbreviations and Sho
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Abbreviations and Short Titles AJP
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The Fall of the Athenian Empire
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2. The War in the Aegean The last p
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ATTICA Corinth. CORINTH • Phlius
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1 5. The Fall of Athens The Athenia
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428 BIBUOGRAPHY Bradeen, D. W. "The
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430 BIBLIOGRAPHY ---. "The Phoenici
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4 J 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY Vlastos, G. "The
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4 34 GENERAL INDEX Alcibiades (cont
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Index of Ancient Authors Aelian 4·
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INDEX OF ANCIENT AUTHORS 447 GHI (c
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INDEX OF ANCIENT AUTHORS 449 Thucyd
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INDEX OF ANCIENT AUTHORS 45 1 Helle
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Index of Modern Authors Adeleye, G.
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INDEX OF MODERN AUTHORS 455 Pleket,
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The Fall of the Athenian Empire-(A New History of the Peloponnesian War) Donald Kagan - (1987)

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