The Fall of the Athenian Empire-(A New History of the Peloponnesian War) Donald Kagan - (1987)

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216 -THE FALL OF THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE solidarity. The arrival of a Spartan fleet in 412 brought it into rebellion, but the Athenians were quickly able to recover the town, along with the rest of the island." The rebellion had been led by the aristocrats in the city, and the restoration had driven them into exile. The aristocrats had recruited about 300 mercenaries from the mainland under a Theban commander named Anaxarchus and had attacked their city. Driven off with the help of an Athenian garrison from M ytilene, they refused to give up, marched to Eresus in the southwestern portion of the island, and brought it into rebellion." The problem presented by the defection of Eresus was not especially serious. The other cities on the island were secure, there was a garrison at least at M ytilene, and Thrasybulus had already sailed to Eresus with five ships, a force that arrived too late to prevent the fall of the city but was adequate to keep the situation in hand.' 4 With the knowledge that the Spartans were at Chios in force and on their way to the Hellespont, Thrasyllus should have sailed to Chios at once to force a battle, if possible, but at least to guarantee that Mindarus would not get through. Instead, he hurried to Lesbos with fifty-five ships, leaving the rest to guard his base on Samos. At Lesbos he added the small Methymnaean navy and two Athenian ships returning from the Hellespont, bringing his fleet up to sixty-five triremes. With the soldiers from this force, he was determined to recover Eresus by assault or by whatever means might be necessary. At the same time, he was sure that he could keep Mindarus at Chios by placing lookouts at both ends of the island and on the mainland opposite its eastern end." In full as autonomous and providing ships but the Methymnians as being "subjects" who supply "ships and not tribute": MT)OuJ.Lva.Cot j.Jkv va\)(J"t Kat oU
THE WAR IN THE HELLESPONT 217 confidence he sailed along the coast to Methymna and ordered food to be prepared for a long stay during which he would use Lesbos as a base for attacking the Spartans at Chi os." In his inexperience and his eagerness to accomplish everything at once, Thrasyllus failed to carry out his major responsibility. As the Athenians attacked the walls of Eresus in leisurely fashion, never thinking that the Spartans could pass them unnoticed, Mindarus used his opportunity." He stayed at Chios for only two days, just long enough to take on food and some money for the dash northward. Well before dawn on the third day, he sailed not in a westerly direction toward the open sea, where the Athenians at Eresus would be more likely to detect him, but eastward, toward the narrow waters between Lesbos and the mainland." By noon he was safely at the Phocaean coast; he had his evening meal opposite Mytilene, stopped again briefly in the dark opposite Methymna, and about midnight dropped anchor safely at Rhoeteum and Sigeum, at the mouth of the Hellespont. He had traveled some 1 10 miles in about twenty hours, eluded the Athenians, changed the theater of operations, and altered the course and nature of the war. His was a daring and imaginative achievement worthy of the highest praise. The Athenians' failure to prevent it was a serious error that endangered the very existence of their city. The eighteen Athenian ships stationed at Sestos received the news of the Spartan fleet's arrival by fire signals from their lookouts on the heights of Gallipoli, and the blaze of the Peloponnesian campfires on the Asian shore opposite them confirmed it (see Map 8). 29 Confronted by overwhelming numerical superiority, they had no choice but to try to escape as quickly as possible before their path was blocked. They set out at once under cover of darkness, keeping close to the European shore of the straits, in the direction of Elaeus and the open sea. They succeeded in escaping the notice of the sixteen Peloponnesian ships on guard at Abydos, even though these ships had been alerted in advance by a messenger ship sent by Mindarus to keep watch and prevent their 26 8.100. Diodorus (I].J8.7-39·•) offers a different explanation for the Athenians' action. He says they went to Lesbos with only sixty ships and waited there for reinforcements to arrive from their allies. Only three had arrived when they learned that Mindarus had passed them, so they pursued him to the Hellespont. Thucydides' account here is detailed and informed, and we should prefer it. 27 8.IOJ.2. 29 We must accept Haacke's emendation ,mJ, 1reA..&:yuu (8.101.1) with most editors and against Grote. Sec Busolt, GG Ill:2, 1516, n. 2. 19 8.102.2.
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The Fall of the Athenian Empire DON
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For Bob and Fred, the best of sons
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Vlll PREFACE rebelled against them,
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X PREFACE of each situation. Inevit
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Contents Maps Abbreviations and Sho
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Abbreviations and Short Titles AJP
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The Fall of the Athenian Empire
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2. The War in the Aegean The last p
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ATTICA Corinth. CORINTH • Phlius
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7· The Four Hundred in Power The c
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I I. The Return of Alcibiades The b
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1 5. The Fall of Athens The Athenia
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428 BIBUOGRAPHY Bradeen, D. W. "The
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430 BIBLIOGRAPHY ---. "The Phoenici
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4 J 2 BIBLIOGRAPHY Vlastos, G. "The
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4 34 GENERAL INDEX Alcibiades (cont
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Index of Ancient Authors Aelian 4·
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INDEX OF ANCIENT AUTHORS 449 Thucyd
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INDEX OF ANCIENT AUTHORS 45 1 Helle
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Index of Modern Authors Adeleye, G.
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INDEX OF MODERN AUTHORS 455 Pleket,
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The Fall of the Athenian Empire-(A New History of the Peloponnesian War) Donald Kagan - (1987)

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