Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 199
Table 9.8 The yields of select toxic and carcinogenic agents in the MS of a novel cigarette
that heats rather than burns tobacco (Borgerding et al. 1997)
Compound Eclipse Reference KY 1R4F cigarette % Reduction
Nicotine (mg/cigt.) 0.2 0.8 (−) 76.5
Tar (mg/cigt.) 2.9 8.8 (−) 67.0
CO (mg/cigt.) 7.5 11.1 (−) 32.4
BaP (ng/cigt.) 0.6 5.0 (−) 88.0
4-ABP (ng/cigt.) n.d. 3.3 (−) 100
Formaldehyde (µg/cigt.) 1.2 11.8 (−) 89.8
NOx (µg/cigt.) 35.0 279.0 (−) 87.4
Ammonia (µg/cigt.) 5.5 19.8 (−) 72.2
Acrolein (µg/cigt.) 20.0 72.0 (−) 72.0
1,3-Butadiene (µg/cigt.) 1.6 35.0 (−) 95.5
Benzene (µg/cigt.) 6.2 38.0 (−) 84.0
NNN (ng/cigt.) 11.0 68.0 (−) 84.0
NNK (ng/cigt.) 14.0 67.0 (−) 79.0
(p < 0.05) than that of smokers of conventional cigarettes and it was not significantly
different (p > 0.10) from that of non-smokers (deBethizy et al. 1990).
Another new technology, an electrically heated cigarette was introduced to the US
market in 1998. The prototype, containing a tobacco filler wrapped in a tobacco mat,
is kept in constant contact with eight electrical heater blades in a microprocessorcontrolled
lighter. This cigarette contains about half the amount of tobacco of a
conventional cigarette. Under the FTC-standardized smoking conditions, the cigarette
delivers 1 mg nicotine while all other analysed smoke constituents were significantly
lower than those measured in the MS of conventional low-yield reference cigarette.
The carcinogenic PAH were below the detection level (Hoffmann et al. 2001). However,
formaldehyde yields were significantly higher.
None of the new products that claim reduced harm have been widely used in larger
populations and their toxicology is generally unknown, as is their potential impact on
both individual and public health. The outcome of a small, short-term, clinical study
(10 male and 10 female smokers) suggested that neither of two products that employ
unconventional nicotine delivery technologies is likely to be an effective reducedexposure
product for smokers (Breland et al. 2002a). In another study by the same group
of researchers, 12 smokers who switched to a reduced-nitrosamine cigarette, received
lower exposure to the lung carcinogen NNK than when using regular cigarettes, but
more NNK exposure than when not smoking (Breland et al. 2003). Relative to smokers’