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Morris, Philip 207 see also Philip Morris mortality, tobacco-related 8–10, 29–30 benefits of stopping smoking 14 central and eastern Europe 260 China 13, 224–5, 282–3 India 260 method of estimating 11–12 sub-Saharan Africa 270 trends 12–13 UK 12–13, 208, 284–5 women 282, 334–5 worldwide projections viii, 281–6 mouse models 53, 54 mouth cancer see oral cancer movement builders 671, 672 MRFIT study 360, 560 MS Special Filter 344 mucinous ovarian tumours 514–15, 516–17 mutations 93, 112–13 myocardial infarction (MI) 550 evidence of causal association 5, 7, 23 in India 260 strength and dose–response relationships 557, 559 survival after 570 N-acetyltransferases (NAT1 and NAT2) 636 Namibia 268 naphthalene 57 2-naphthylamine 60, 75, 96, 98 nasopharyngeal cancer 399 National Cancer Institute vii National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australian 566, 711 National Heart Foundation of Australia 566 National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) 753, 756 National Research Council, US, child health and passive smoking 289, 290 NDMA see N-nitrosodimethylamine neophytadienes 57 Netherlands 6, 486 neuroadaptive responses, nicotine 154–5 neurological disorders 598–601, 613 neuropsychological development, childhood 299, 300 neutrophils 584 never-smokers committed–susceptible continuum 317–18 eastern Europe/Poland 247 lung cancer rates 243 Russia 229, 230, 231 newborn infants, urinary NNAL and its glucuronides 104, 106 new nicotine delivery products see potential reduced-exposure products New Zealand 4 nickel 61, 97 Nicotiana rustica 69, 181 Nicotiana tabacum 69, 181 nicotine 181 absorption 72, 133–4 factors influencing 4, 170–2 abuse liability 131–3 addiction see under addiction biomarkers of uptake 99 carcinogens derived from 182 central nervous system actions 131 cervical mucus 469 cigarette smoke 56, 58 cigarettes with lower see light cigarettes conditioned place preference (CPP) 156–7 content bidis 195–6 cigarettes 168, 171, 183–93, 244 cigars 195 kreteks 196 novel PREPs 197, 198 regulatory control 664, 770 tobacco plant 181–2 tobacco products 182–200 tobacco types 181 dependence see under dependence discriminative stimulus effects 131–2, 152–3, 155–6 dose across tobacco products 135–6, 181–204 regulatory control 664–5, 767–8, 769–70 standardization 769–70 dose-related effects 133–5 environmental levels 292, 293–4, 295, 296 ‘free-base’ (unionized) 72, 171–2 intake, individual variation 624, 625 irritating effects on upper airway 176 metabolism cross population variation 134–5 genetics 130–1, 135, 627 individual variation 624, 625 peripheral actions 131 pharmacology 130–1, 169–72, 627 protonation (ionization state) 133–4 pH of tobacco smoke and 72, 171–2 reinforcement see reinforcing effects of nicotine self-administration see self-administration, nicotine speed of delivery addiction potential and 4, 133–4 pH of cigarette smoke and 72, 171–2 role in reinforcement 134, 151 structure 96, 168 subjective effects 152 tobacco-delivered 135–6 tolerance 132, 139, 154 toxicology 136–7 ulcerative colitis and 595 vs other addictive drugs 137–9 withdrawal 129–30, 132–3, 151 yield of bidis 195 yield of cigarettes 171 determinants 170–2 international comparison 188–9 INDEX 787
788 INDEX nicotine (Continued) machine smoking measurements 62, 186–90 packet labelling 662 ‘realistic’ measurements 62–4, 65, 190–2 reduced see low-yield cigarettes regulatory control 663–4 roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes 193 trends over time 62, 64, 75, 81–2 yield of cigars 194–5 nicotine delivery devices 168 new types xi, 77–9, 99 nicotine delivery systems, alternative (ANDS) 759, 760–1 Nicotine Institute Vienna 751 nicotine N-oxide 168 nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) 140, 662, 740 genetic variants affecting success 633 over the counter (OTC) availability 760–1 plus reduced smoking 757–8 recommendations 754, 756, 759–61 variation in success rates 624 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) 131, 169–70 agonists 170 antagonists 131–2, 170 β2 subunit-containing 156, 160 in vitro assay systems 170 mediating behavioural effects 155–6, 159–60 smoke-mediated irritation 174 upper airway mucosa 176 up-regulation in smokers 170 nicotinic pyridine alkaloids 56, 168–9 nicotyrine 168 Nigeria 268, 269, 272, 273, 275 Nine-state study see Hammond Horn study nitrate (NO 3 -) cigarette tobacco 183, 184, 185 reconstituted tobacco 73–4 tobacco types 70–3 nitric oxide (NO) 70–1, 98 DNA adducts 109, 111 nitrobenzene 61 nitrogen 55 nitrogen oxides (NO x ) cigarette smoke 55, 58, 75 cigar smoke 194 tobacco types and 70–1 nitromethane 61 2-nitropropane 61 DNA adducts 109, 111 N-nitrosamines 173 carcinogenicity 95, 97, 98 cigarette smoke 59–60, 71–2 DNA adducts 106–11 tobacco-specific see tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines volatile (VNAs) 66, 71 N-nitrosodiethylamine 59, 96 carcinogenicity 95, 97 N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) 59 DNA adducts 106, 107 trends over time 75 N′-nitrosonornicotine see NNN N-nitrosopiperidine 60, 96, 97 N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) 60, 96, 107, 111 NNAL (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)- 1-butanol) 96 carcinogenicity 98, 182 urinary 102–6, 304 NNAL glucuronides (NNAL-Gluc), urinary 102–6 NNK (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)- 2-butanone) 173 bidi tobacco 196 carcinogenicity 95, 97, 98, 182 chutta tobacco 196 cigarette smoke 60, 71, 188–9, 190 machine smoking vs smokers 64, 65 reconstituted tobacco 74 trends over time 75, 81–2 cigarette tobacco 183, 184, 185, 186 cigar smoke 194, 195 DNA adducts 106, 107, 112 mechanisms of carcinogenicity 80–1 novel PREPs 197, 198, 199–200 oral carcinogenesis 426–7 pancreatic metabolism 482 structure 96 NNN (N′-nitrosonornicotine) bidi tobacco 196 carcinogenicity 97, 182 chutta tobacco 196 cigarette smoke 60, 188–9, 190 trends over time 75 cigarette tobacco 183, 184, 185, 186 cigar smoke 195 DNA adduct 107, 112 novel PREPs 197, 198, 199–200 oral carcinogenesis 426–7 structure 96, 168 nociceptive nerves, smoke-mediated irritation 174 nocturnal sleep-disturbing nicotine craving (NSDNC) 753 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) 690 litigation by 696–7, 704 targeting women 346, 347–8 Nonsmokers’ Health Protection Act 1992 (Thailand) 684, 685 Nordic Council of Ministers 680 Nordic Twin Studies 626 nornicotine 168 cigarette smoke 56 reinforcing effects 159 nornicotyrine 168 Norway 486 Now© 41–2 NPYR (N-nitrosopyrrolidine) 60, 96, 107, 111 NRT see nicotine replacement therapy nurses, smoking rates 229 Nurses’ Health Study 26–7, 449, 480, 560, 563
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Tobacco and Public Health: Science
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Tobacco and Public Health: Science
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Preface Tobacco: The public health
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PREFACE vii The cigarette companies
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dramatically. Once more, I am not s
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it impairs quality of life for year
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documents and through litigation by
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PREFACE xv it will not succeed. Now
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Stratton, K., Shetty, P., Wallace,
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Contents Preface v C. Everett Koop
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27 Tobacco and pancreas cancer 479
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Contributors Amanda Amos Reader in
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Stephen S. Hecht University of Minn
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Cecily S. Ray Project Assistant Epi
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Abbreviations AAA Abdominal aortic
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Introduction The publication of thi
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Part 1 Tobacco: History
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Introduction Chapter 1 Evolution of
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RICHARD DOLL 5 However, little atte
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RICHARD DOLL 7 lung’ (Doll and Hi
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Table 1.1 Principal diseases caused
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Table 1.4 Manufactured cigarette co
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in 1995 was approaching the maximum
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References Adler, I. (1912). Primar
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Introduction Chapter 2 The great st
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MICHAEL J. THUN AND JANE HENLEY 19
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it seems likely that some of this v
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steady increase in lung cancer occu
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cigarette smoking in deaths from co
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the effects of smoking and smoking
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Lung cancer death rate (per 100,000
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Lickint, F. (1929). Zeitschrift fur
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Chapter 3 Dealing with health fears
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LYNN T. KOZLOWSKI AND RICHARD J. O
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Table 3.3 Selected cigarette advert
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Part 2 Tobacco: Composition
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Introduction Chapter 4 The changing
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ILSE HOFFMANN AND DIETRICH HOFFMANN
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Table 4.4 (continued) Carcinogens i
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Table 4.5 Standard conditions for m
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Table 4.7 Comparison of experimenta
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the lung in rats treated with NNK (
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serve as the scientific basis in su
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Senkus, M. (ed.) (1976). Leaf compo
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Introduction Chapter 5 Tobacco smok
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 95 Established pul
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 97 magnitude lower
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 99 generally great
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Table 5.1 1-Hydroxypyrene in the ur
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Table 5.2 NNAL and its glucuronides
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 105 Table 5.2 (con
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Table 5.3 Representative DNA adduct
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G No (Wang et al. 2001a) N 2 CHCH 2
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 111 N-Nitrosopyrro
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(Kozack et al. 2000; Seo et al. 200
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the DNA adducts resulting from toba
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Culp, S. J., Gaylor, D. W., Sheldon
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 119 International
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 121 Melchior, W. B
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 123 Rivenso, A., H
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Wang, M., McIntee, E. J., Cheng, G.
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Part 3 Nicotine and addiction
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Chapter 6 Pharmacology of nicotine
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JACK E. HENNINGFIELD AND NEAL L. BE
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Pickworth et al. 1995; Shiffman et
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American Caucasians and Hispanics (
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(US DHHS 2001). At doses delivered
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References JACK E. HENNINGFIELD AND
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Introduction Chapter 7 Behavioral p
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 151 How
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(Fischman and Foltin 1991). Another
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following repeated, infrequent and
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 157 oth
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 159 cli
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to tobacco product ingredients and
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 163 Gom
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 165 Ris
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Introduction Chapter 8 Cigarette sc
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JEFF FOWLES AND DENNIS SHUSTERMAN 1
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◆ The pressure drop of the filter
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Nitrosamines Nitrosamines are biolo
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Physical design features of cigaret
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Introduction Chapter 9 Nicotine dos
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world tobacco burden (World Health
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Table 9.2 The ranges of nicotine, n
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 187 turing a
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Poland 19 1.4 n.a. n.a. 68−347 36
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 191 cigarette
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 193 Table 9.5
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 195 MS wherea
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 197 In recent
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 199 Table 9.8
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 201 Burns, D.
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International Agency for Research o
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Part 4 Tobacco use: Prevalence, tre
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Chapter 10 Tobacco in Great Britain
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Adult smoking PATTI WHITE 209 Since
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oys who were regular smokers report
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PATTI WHITE 213 cancer, and bringin
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Introduction Chapter 11 The epidemi
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since the late 1980s. In 2001, Phil
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YANG HONGHUAN 219 ◆ Among males,
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Table 11.1 Smoking among adolescent
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(57%) was higher than in males (45%
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20 cigarettes a day had double the
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Chapter 12 Patterns of smoking in R
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DAVID ZARIDZE 229 Ignatova et al. (
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DAVID ZARIDZE 231 Tyumen, respectiv
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References DAVID ZARIDZE 233 Alexee
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Chapter 13 Tobacco smoking in centr
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WITOLD ZATOŃSKI 237 The developmen
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especially post-Soviet countries, w
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No. of Cigarettes 3000 2500 2000 15
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WITOLD ZATOŃSKI 243 young men and
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DEATHS / 100,000 DEATHS / 100,000 7
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WITOLD ZATOŃSKI 247 According to d
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Unfortunately, available data on th
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Kaczmarczyk-Chalas, K., Gdulewicz,
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Chapter 14 The epidemic in India Pr
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aniseed, and musk, also available a
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PRAKASH C. GUPTA AND CECILY S. RAY
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Prevalence among youth PRAKASH C. G
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treatment and premature death were
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Although tobacco control legislatio
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PRAKASH C. GUPTA AND CECILY S. RAY
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Chapter 15 Tobacco in Africa: More
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In assessing tobacco use in Africa
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YUSSUF SALOOJEE 271 plug the gap th
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Table 15.2 Cigarette taxes as perce
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YUSSUF SALOOJEE 275 In recent years
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World Bank (2001). Economics of Tob
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Part 5 Tobacco and health. Global b
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Chapter 16 The future worldwide hea
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RICHARD PETO AND ALAN D LOPEZ 283 a
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UK male death rate at ages 35-69 ha
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Overview Chapter 17 Passive smoking
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evidence have proved to be effectiv
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 291 a thousand de
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Table 17.2 Occupational ETS exposur
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Table 17.3 Nicotine concentrations
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portable piezobalance to sample aer
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 299 Fetal effects
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 301 Investigation
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Table 17.4 Summary of pooled random
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 305 also reported
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and involuntary exposure to tobacco
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Glantz, S. A. and Parmley, W. W. (1
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 311 O’Connor, G
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 313 US Department
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Introduction Chapter 18 Adolescent
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JOHN P. PIERCE ET AL. 317 would be
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JOHN P. PIERCE ET AL. 319 Indeed, t
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JOHN P. PIERCE ET AL. 321 reached i
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subsequent consumption. Most studie
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Burns, D., Garfinkel, L., and Samet
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JOHN P. PIERCE ET AL. 327 US Depart
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The epidemic Chapter 19 Tobacco and
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 331 w
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 333 T
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 335 w
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 337 p
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 339 T
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 341 o
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 343 M
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such as Jewel and Madonna, who woul
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 347 t
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particularly in developing countrie
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 351 L
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Part 6 Tobacco and cancer
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Chapter 20 Cancer of the prostate F
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Table 20.1 Summary of results of ca
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Andersson et al. 1996 Sweden 256 ca
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Table 20.2 Summary of results of co
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cancer in younger or elderly men, w
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FABIO LEVI AND CARLO LA VECCHIA 365
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Summary Chapter 21 Laryngeal cancer
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12-year follow-up of the American C
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Hedberg et al. USA, 235, 81% P, 547
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cigarettes as compared to blond-tob
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of 3.78 and 11.47. An interpretatio
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Effect on survival In two studies f
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Cattaruzza, M. S., Maisonneuve, P.,
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USDHEW (1964). Laryngeal cancer. In
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Chapter 22 Smoking and cancer of th
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Table 22.1 Results from selected ca
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Asia Gao et al. 1994— Population
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EVA NEGRI 389 Ille-et-Vilaine, Fran
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Odds Ratio 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.30 2
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Garidou et al. 1996— Hospital ≤
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De Stefani, E., Barrios, E., and Fi
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Wynder, E. L. and Bross, I. J. (196
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Introduction Chapter 23 Tobacco use
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Table 23.1 Tobacco use and risk of
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Franceschi et al. Oral cavity, Oral
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Muscat et al. Oral cavity OR = 2.1
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Population-based case-control studi
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Lewin et al. Oral cavity, RR = 6.5
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 411 the cont
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 413 For smok
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 415 per day
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 417 than tha
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 419 For exam
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 421 decline
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Studies in India: Oral cancer is th
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carcinoma compared with other combi
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studies have demonstrated a positiv
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 429 Garrote,
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 431 Notani,
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Chapter 24 Smoking and stomach canc
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DAVID ZARIDZE 435 such as sex, age,
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DAVID ZARIDZE 437 (Kato et al. 1990
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DAVID ZARIDZE 439 respectively. The
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Gajalakshmi, C. K. and Shanta, V. (
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Pisani, P., Parkin, D. M., Bray, F.
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Introduction Chapter 25 Cigarette s
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attenuated in every study after con
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EDWARD GIOVANNUCCI 449 with a gener
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(Baron et al. 1994) of 352 colon ca
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(U.S. Dept. of Health Education and
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References EDWARD GIOVANNUCCI 455 A
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EDWARD GIOVANNUCCI 457 Kono, S., Ik
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Chapter 26 Smoking and cervical neo
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Tokuhata 1967* Williams 1977* Wigle
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Clarke 1985* Hellberg 1986* La Vecc
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ANNE SZAREWSKI AND JACK CUZICK 465
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case-control study nested in a scre
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five-fold risk of cervical cancer f
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(typically around two-fold), but be
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Introduction Chapter 27 Tobacco and
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Cigar, pipe, and chewing tobacco Wh
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Conclusion Overall, tobacco smoking
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Summary Chapter 28 Smoking and lung
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GRAHAM G. GILES AND PETER BOYLE 487
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quit for 20 years or more (Rogot an
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cancer and others where there is st
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Peto, R. (1986) Influence of dose a
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Chapter 29 Tobacco smoking and canc
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He further noted that case-control
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coefficients from the data in Table
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DIMITRIOS TRICHOPOULOS AND ARETI LA
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Epidemiology Chapter 30 Smoking and
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CRYSTAL N. HOLICK AND HARVEY A. RIS
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and at least the enteric variety of
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Chapter 31 Endometrial cancer Paul
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Table 31.1 Epidemiological studies
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studies (Terry et al. 1999, 2002a),
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Newcomer Population 740/2372 40-79
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PAUL D. TERRY ET AL. 531 levels, an
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Relative body weight Obesity is an
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Key et al. 1991 147 pre- and postme
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lood levels among current smokers,
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Table 31.7 Studies of cigarette smo
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of the association between cigarett
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Jensen, J., Christiansen, C., and R
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PAUL D. TERRY ET AL. 545 Weiderpass
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Part 7 Tobacco and heart disease
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citations of some of the best-known
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KONRAD JAMROZIK 553 because the dat
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KONRAD JAMROZIK 555 Fig. 32.2 Trend
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Table 32.3 Case-control studies of
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Table 32.5 Cohort studies of active
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Table 32.6 Effect of exclusion of p
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eadily addressed by cohort studies
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Specificity The entries in Table 32
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Table 32.8 Application of Bradford
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KONRAD JAMROZIK 569 arterial CVD re
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elationship goes beyond statistical
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Garland, C., Barrett-Connor, E., Su
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National Health and Medical Researc
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Part 8 Tobacco and respiratory dise
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Introduction Chapter 33 Chronic obs
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Many of the constituents in both th
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DAVID M. BURNS rate of growth in lu
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Death rates from COPD in smokers an
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Fraction of Excess Risk 1.20 1.00 0
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DAVID M. BURNS Higgins, M. W., Enri
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Part 9 Tobacco and other diseases
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Introduction Chapter 34 Smoking and
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ALLAN HACKSHAW 595 several mechanis
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Table 34.4 Studies that reported re
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Table 34.5 Cohort studies that repo
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than non-smokers; they have about h
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Table 34.8 Cohort studies that repo
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esults from cohort studies. There i
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ALLAN HACKSHAW 607 (DiFranza and Le
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Table 34.12 Cohort studies that rep
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Caries and tooth loss Because perio
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Table 34.16 Summary of disorders in
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References ALLAN HACKSHAW 615 Allar
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Johnsen, R., Forde, O. H., Straume,
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Seddon, J. M., Willett, W. C., Spei
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Part 10 Genetics, nicotine addictio
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Chapter 35 Genes, nicotine addictio
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Cotinine (ng/ml) 750 500 250 OXCHEC
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MICHAEL MURPHY ET AL. 627 of those
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MICHAEL MURPHY ET AL. risk associat
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Table 35.2 (continued) Gene map Chr
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MICHAEL MURPHY ET AL. pre-clinical
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Steps to carcinogenesis Exposure to
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DNA repair As previously alluded to
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MICHAEL MURPHY ET AL. Lichtenstein,
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Part 11 Tobacco and alcohol
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Table 36.1 Comparison of alcohol an
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Although gene therapy has rarely be
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20+ TABAC 5.1 10-19 0-9 3.4 12.3 0-
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Heavy drinking is known to cause ga
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Treatment issues and co-dependence
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ALBERT B. LOWENFELS AND PATRICK MAI
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Part 12 Tobacco control: Successes
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Introduction Chapter 37 Global toba
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NIGEL GRAY (sometimes at state leve
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NIGEL GRAY The first attempt to red
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per litre of smoke. Reduction of th
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Borland, R., Cappiello, M. and Owen
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Chapter 38 Lessons in tobacco contr
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entangling relationships with negot
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successful country advocates deeply
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Thus, when the opportunity arose, t
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Chapter 39 A brief history of legis
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Committee, mentioned above, little
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4. Tobacco and its related processi
Page 716 and 717:
RUTH ROEMER 683 advertising and adv
Page 718 and 719:
or shows, and distribution of free
Page 720 and 721:
RUTH ROEMER 687 threat to the peopl
Page 722 and 723:
RUTH ROEMER 689 The case was settle
Page 724 and 725:
Another study by Harvard researcher
Page 726 and 727:
At the end of 2003, 83 countries ha
Page 728 and 729:
Chapter 40 Roles of tobacco litigat
Page 730 and 731:
NGOs obtained sanctions against tob
Page 732 and 733:
RICHARD A. DAYNARD 699 In a 1980s c
Page 734 and 735:
RICHARD A. DAYNARD 701 Fourth, the
Page 736 and 737:
even impossible. Such a statute pre
Page 738 and 739:
RICHARD A. DAYNARD 705 Daynard, R.
Page 740 and 741:
Introduction Chapter 41 Impact of s
Page 742 and 743:
in this chapter, is evidence that s
Page 744 and 745:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 711 Wh
Page 746 and 747:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 713 On
Page 748 and 749:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 715 ro
Page 750 and 751:
you are subject, but this does not
Page 752 and 753:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 719 to
Page 754 and 755:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 721 fo
Page 756 and 757:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 723 (E
Page 758 and 759:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 725 th
Page 760 and 761:
advanced. Although in countries lik
Page 762 and 763:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 729 Da
Page 764 and 765:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 731 Pr
Page 766 and 767:
Introduction Chapter 42 Effective i
Page 768 and 769:
PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 735 India (Gupta
Page 770 and 771: Average price or tax per pack (US$)
Page 772 and 773: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 739 Bans on adve
Page 774 and 775: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 741 Table 42.2 T
Page 776 and 777: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 743 antismugglin
Page 778 and 779: Farrelly, M. C., Pechacek, T. F., a
Page 780 and 781: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 747 Raw, M., Mc
Page 782 and 783: Part 13 Treatment of dependence
Page 784 and 785: Introduction Chapter 43 Treatment o
Page 786 and 787: Nocturnal sleep-disturbing nicotine
Page 788 and 789: MICHAEL KUNZE AND E. GROMAN 755 tob
Page 790 and 791: Fifteen different products were ide
Page 792 and 793: In summary, tobacco dependence amon
Page 794 and 795: medications for OTC sale in 1996, t
Page 796 and 797: MICHAEL KUNZE AND E. GROMAN 763 US
Page 798 and 799: Chapter 44 Regulation of the cigare
Page 800 and 801: as these correlate quite well with
Page 802 and 803: NIGEL GRAY 769 within three major g
Page 804 and 805: of carcinogens and toxins in its wa
Page 806 and 807: Index abdominal aortic aneurysm see
Page 808 and 809: aromatic amines 58, 60, 98 DNA addu
Page 810 and 811: central and eastern Europe (CEE) (C
Page 812 and 813: coronary thrombosis 5 see also myoc
Page 814 and 815: epinephrine 169 epoxide hydrolase g
Page 816 and 817: health professionals advice on smok
Page 818 and 819: laryngeal cancer (Continued) animal
Page 822 and 823: nursing home residents 718 nutritio
Page 824 and 825: Polish Central Statistical Office (
Page 826 and 827: smoke, tobacco (including cigarette
Page 828 and 829: Sweden female smoking rates 330-1 l
Page 830 and 831: United Nations agencies 680-1 Unite
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Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

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