Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

792
INDEX
rectal cancer 453
see also colorectal cancer
reduced smoking 757–8
regional variations
smoking prevalence 210, 219
tobacco use in India 257, 258
regulation of cigarettes 765–72
additives 770
case for 766–7
nicotine dose 664–5, 769–70
principles 767–8
smoke constituents 663, 768–9
reinforcement
conditioned 150
drug 149–50
negative 151
reinforcing effects of nicotine 132, 138, 149–65
animal models 153–9
conditioned place preference 156–7
drug discrimination 155–6
locomotor stimulant effects 153–5
self-administration 157–9
human models 150–3
discriminative stimulus effects 152–3
self-administration 150–2
subjective effects 152
neurochemical mechanisms 159–60
speed of nicotine delivery and 134, 151
tobacco control implications 160–1
reinstatement test, nicotine self-administration 159
relapse
nicotine self-administration studies 158–9
nicotine vs other addictive drugs 138
reproductive disorders, smoking-related
605–8, 614
research, on women and smoking 348–9
research station, tobacco, in India 255–6
residential facilities, smoking bans 718
respiratory disorders, effects of passive smoking 708
respiratory symptoms and illness
adults exposed to passive smoking 306–7
adult smokers 586
childhood 301
respiratory tract illnesses, lower, childhood 300–1
respiratory tract tumours, animal studies 53–4
restaurants 296–7, 719
reverse smoking 332
chutta 196, 254, 257
dhumti 254
reversibility, causal associations 552
Reynolds, Richard Joshua 37
risk taking, advertisements encouraging 46
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company 37
activities in China 215–17
cigarette advertising 41–2, 46, 344
new types of cigarettes 77–8
roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes
laryngeal cancer risk 369
nicotine and tar yields 192–3
oesophageal cancer risk 384
use in China 219
Royal College of Physicians, 1962 report 24, 208,
288, 549, 678
rural areas
anti-tobacco interventions, in India 261–2
smoking prevalence
in China 219, 220, 221
in eastern Europe/Poland 246
in Russia 227
tobacco-related mortality in China 225
Russia, smoking patterns 227–33
sales, cigarette
statistics, in Poland 239, 240, 241
to young people, restrictions on 211, 323, 666,
678, 691
salivary gland cancer 399
Saloojee, Dr Yussuf 686, 687–8
salt intake, dietary 433
schools
smoking bans 324
smoking prevention 323–4
Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health,
UK 287, 290, 298, 566
scopoletin 57
secondhand smoke 292–7, 707
additives masking odour/irritation 175–6
exposure see passive smoking
toxicology 289–92
see also environmental tobacco smoke
selenium deficiency 646
self-administration, nicotine 132
animal models 157–9
human models 150–2
Senegal 272, 273
tobacco use 268, 269
sensitization, behavioural 154–5
sensory irritation
masking sidestream smoke-mediated 175–6
smoke-mediated 174–6
masking compounds 175
pathophysiology 174–5
sex differences see gender differences
sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) 533,
534–5, 536
sexual behaviour, cervical cancer risk and 459
Sherman Anti-trust Act 37
sidestream smoke (SS) 291
masking irritation and odour 175–6
see also environmental tobacco smoke
Sierra Leone 273
sitosterol 58
skatole 57
skin disease 598, 613
sleep disturbances, heavily dependent smokers 753
slow acetylator phenotype 636
smoke, tobacco (including cigarette smoke)
carcinogens see carcinogens, tobacco smoke
chronic lung damage 579–80
composition 54–61, 580–1
additives and 76–7