Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

456
CIGARETTE SMOKING AND COLORECTAL CANCER
Giovannucci, E., Rimm, E. B., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Ascherio, A., Kearney, J., et al. (1994b).
A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer in
U.S. men. J Natl Cancer Inst 86, 183–91.
Graham, S., Dayal, H., Swanson, M., Mittelman, A., and Wilkinson, G. (1978). Diet in the
epidemiology of cancer of the colon and rectum. J Natl Cancer Inst 61, 709–14.
Haenszel, W., Locke, F. B., and Segi, M. (1980). A case-control study of large bowel cancer in Japan.
J Natl Cancer Inst 64, 17–22.
Hammond, C. E. and Horn, D. (1966). Smoking in relation to the death rates of one million men and
women. In: National Cancer Institute Monograph 19 (ed. W. Haenszel), pp. 127–204, National
Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD.
Hammond, E. C. and Horn, D. (1958). Smoking and death rates: report on forty-four months of
followup of 187,783 men. II. Death rates by causality. JAMA 166, 1294–308.
Heineman, E. F., Zahm, S. H., McLaughlin, J. K., and Vaught, J. B. (1994). Increased risk of colorectal
cancer among smokers: results of a 26-year follow-up of US veterans and a review. Int J Cancer
59, 728–38.
Higginson, J. (1966). Etiological factors in gastrointestinal cancer in man. J Natl Cancer Inst
37, 527–45.
Hill, A.B.(1965). The environment and disease: Association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 58, 295–300.
Hoff, G., Vatn, M. H., and Larsen, S. (1987). Relationship between tobacco smoking and colorectal
polyps. Scand J Gastroenterol 22, 13–16.
Hoffmann, D. and Hoffman, I. (1997). The changing cigarette, 1950–1995. J Toxicol Environ Health
50, 307–64.
Honjo, S., Kono, S., Shinchi, K., Imanishi, K., and Hirohata, T. (1992). Cigarette smoking, alcohol use
and adenomatous polyps of the sigmoid colon. Jpn J Cancer Res 83, 806–11.
Hsing, A. W., McLaughlin, J. K., Chow, W. H., Schuman, L. M., Co Chien, H. T., Gridley, G. et al.
(1998). Risk factors for colorectal cancer in a prospective study among U.S. white men.
Int J Cancer 77, 549–53.
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. (1986).
Tobacco smoking.: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer; 397
p. (IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans). Lyon,
France.
Inoue, M., Tajima, K., Hirose, K., Hamajima, N., Takezaki, T., Hirai, T., et al. (1995). Subsite-specific
risk factors for colorectal cancer: A hospital-based case-control study in Japan. Cancer Causes
Control 6, 14–22.
Jacobson, J. S., Neugut, A. I., Murray, T., Garbowski, G. C., Forde, K. A., Treat, M. R., et al. (1994).
Cigarette smoking and other behavioral risk factors for recurrence of colorectal adenomatous
polyps (New York City, NY, USA). Cancer Causes Control 5, 215–20.
Jarebinski, M., Adanja, B., and Vlajinac, H. (1989). Case-control study of relationship of some
biosocial correlates to rectal cancer patients in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Neoplasma 36, 369–74.
Jarebinski, M., Vlajinac, H., and Adanja, B. (1988). Biosocial and other characteristics of the large
bowel cancer patients in Belgrade (Yugoslavia). Arch Geschwulstforsch 58, 411–17.
Kahn, H. A. (1966). The Dorn study of smoking and mortality among US Veterans on 8 years of
observation. In: National Cancer Institute Monograph 19 (ed. W. Haenszel). pp. 1–125. National
Cancer Institute; Bethesda, MD.
Kikendall, J. W., Bowen, P. E., Burgess, M. B., Magnetti, C., Woodward, J., and Langenberg, P. (1989).
Cigarettes and alcohol as independent risk factors for colonic adenomas. Gastroenterology 97, 660–4.
Knekt, P., Hakama, M., Järvinen, R., Pukkala, E., and Heliövaara, M. (1998). Smoking and risk of
colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 78, 136–9.