Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

Table 31.6 Studies of cigarette smoking and urinary hormone levels
First author, Study population Sex hormones Differences in urinary hormone excretion Additional
study year examined levels between smokers and nonsmokers adjustment
for BMI
Bernstein et al. 2000 16 postmenopausal women before Urinary E1, E2, E3, E1 and E3 (lower), E2 and 2OHE 1 No
and after taking 2 mg per os/d E2 16αOHE 1 , 2OHE 1 (higher) in smokers after treatment
Berta et al. 1992 694 premenopausal women, BMI < 25 Urinary E1, E2, E3 No major differences No
Key et al. 1996 367 pre- and postmenopausal women Urinary E1, E2, E3 E3 (lower) in postmenopausal smokers Yes
MacMahon et al. 1982 106 premenopausal women not Urinary E1, E2, E3 E1, E2, E3 (lower) in smokers in the No
taking HRT luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
Michnovicz et al. 1988 29 premenopausal women not Urinary E1, E2, E3, E3 (lower) and 2OHE 1 (higher) in smokers No
taking HRT, BMI < 25 16αOHE 1 , 2OHE 1
Michnovicz et al. 1986 27 premenopausal women not Urinary E1, E3 E3 (lower) and the ratio of E3 to E1 No
taking HRT, BMI < 25 (lower) in smokers
Trichopoulos et al. 1987 220 postmenopausal women not Urinary E1, E2, E3 No major differences Height and
taking HRT weight
Abbreviations: E1 (estrone), E2 (estradiol), E3 (estriol), 16α-OEH1 (16-alpha-hydroxyestrone), 2-OEH1 (2-hydroxyestrone), HRT (hormone replacement therapy), BMI (body mass index).
Note: The table was originally published in Lancet Oncology 2002;3:470–80 and has been reproduced with permission.