Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

Index
abdominal aortic aneurysm see aortic aneurysm,
abdominal
absorption
nicotine 72, 133–4
tobacco smoke constituents 291
abuse potential, nicotine 131–3
acetaldehyde 172
alcohol consumption and 646
carcinogenicity 97
cigarette smoke 56, 60, 172
trends over time 75
DNA adducts 108, 111
structure 96
synergism with nicotine 136, 159, 172
acetamide 60
acetic acid 55
acetone 56
acetonitrile 56
acetylene 55
acetylpyrazine 176
N-acetyltransferases (NAT1 and NAT2) 636
acids, volatile 55
acid-sensitive ion channel (ASIC) 174
acrolein 76, 175
cigarette smoke 56, 58
acrylamide 60
acrylonitrile 61
Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) 208
acute coronary events, survival after 570
addiction
cigarette design and 167–80
defined 167
nicotine x, 129–47, 149, 167–8
epidemiology 751–2
genetic aspects see under genetics
treatment see treatment, tobacco dependence
see also reinforcing effects of nicotine
tobacco vi–vii, 167
Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) 152
addictive drugs, vs nicotine 137–9
additive genotypic relative risk, hypothetical
population distributions 628–9
additives 76–7, 173–4, 768
generally regarded as safe (GRAS) 77
masking sidestream smoke 175–6
masking smoke-mediated irritation 175
regulatory control 770
adolescents 315–27
availability of cigarettes 211, 323, 666
experimentation with smoking 318
initiation of smoking see smoking initiation
pulmonary responses to smoking 581
smoking prevalence 210–11, 219–22, 231–2
see also children; young people
adults
health effects of passive smoking 304–7
smoking prevalence 209–10
advertising (and promotion)
bans 660–1
effects on smoking 739
in China 215, 216
cigarette chemistry changes and 661
competitive 661–2
counter 679, 738
effects on smoking initiation 316, 320–1
hierarchy of effects model 321
history of legislation 679, 680
in India 260, 262
in Poland 237, 238, 247, 673
in Russia 232
in sub-Saharan Africa 271
in United States 37–50
background 37–8
consumer perception and types of persuasion
46–7
inducements to bravery theme 46
misdirection of attention theme 44–5
reassurance theme 38–44
since master settlement agreement 47–8
voluntary codes for restriction 661
WHO Framework Convention 692
to women 340–5
advocacy leadership, tobacco control see under
tobacco control
advocates, inside 670–1
Africa (sub-Saharan; SSA) 267–77
health impact of tobacco 269–70
smoking by women 268, 331–2, 333
tobacco control 270–3
tobacco industry 273–6
tobacco taxes and smuggling 271–3
tobacco use 267–9
African Americans, nicotine metabolism
134, 135
age
experimentation with smoking 318
lung cancer rates and, in Poland 243, 244, 245
lung function changes with 582–3
at menopause, in smokers 539 see menopause,
age at, in smokers
price elasticity of demand and 737
smoking initiation see under smoking initiation