Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

Table 23.1 Tobacco use and risk of oral cancer
Author (year) Cancer site Major results Comments
country
(Cases/controls)
Hospital-based case–control studies
Cigarettes Cigar/pipe Smokeless
Winn DM et al. Oral cavity, RR = 4.6 (95% CI RR=47.5 The study subjects were
(1981) Southern pharynx 1.6–13.4) for oral (95% CI 9.1– women residing in 67
United States, cavity; RR = 9.6 249.5) for counties in central North
(255/502) (95% CI 2.5–37.0) cancer of the Carolina
for pharynx among gum and buccal
non-users of snuff mucosa among
snuff use of 50 or
more years
Elwood et al. Oral cavity, OR = 2.1 (95% CI Controls were cancer
(1984), pharynx, 0.9–4.8) for smoking patients with tumor sites
Vancouver, larynx more than 50 cigarettes which were considered to be
Canada per day no strong evidence of
(374/374) association with smoking
Spitz et al. Oral cavity, OR = 7.5 (P trend < 0.01) Men: Snuff Combined effects of alcohol
(1988) Houston, pharynx, for men OR = 12.0 Cigar: OR = 2.8 dipping: and tobacco were more than
US (185/185) larynx (P trend < 0.01) for (95% CI 1.5–5.5) OR = 3.4 additive, but less than
women for smoking Pipe: OR = 1.8 (95% CI 1.0– multiplicative
50+ pack-years (95% CI 1.0–3.4) 10.9)
Franco et al. Oral cavity RR = 6.3 for ever RR = 13.9 for pipe Snuff dipping or The RR was 142 for those
(1989), Brazil vs. never smokers RR = 5.5 for cigar tobacco chewing with >100 pack-years of
(232/464) for ever vs. never was not associated smoking and >1000 kg of
smokers with oral cancer risk alcohol drinking.
Only 9 cases and 13 controls
used smokeless tobacco