Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

Franceschi et al. Oral cavity, Oral cavity: OR = 11.1 Oral cavity: The risk of oral cavity and
(1990), pharynx, (95% CI 3.4–34.8) for OR = 20.7 (95% CI pharyngeal cancer for the
Northern Italy larynx ever vs. never 5.6–76.3) for ever highest levels of alcohol and
(741/1272) Pharynx: OR = 12.9 vs. never smoking was increased 80-
(95% CI 3.1–52.9) fold relative to the lowest
for ever vs. never levels of both factors
Larynx: OR = 4.6
(95% CI 2.2–9.6)
for ever vs. never
Nandakumar Oral cavity OR = 2.1 (95% CI OR = 17.7 OR = 242.6 (95% CI 52.6–
et al. (1990), 1.1–4.2) for (95% CI 8.7–36.1) 1119.0) for tobacco chewing
Bangalore, cigarette smoking for chewing and ragi consumption
India (348/348) during sleep
Franceschi et al. Tongue and Tongue: OR = 10.5 Mouth: OR = 21.9 Smokers of high tar cigarettes
(1992), mouth (95% CI 3.2–34.1) (95% CI 3.8– had a 10-fold increased risk of
Northern Italy for current vs. never 125.6) cancer of the tongue and 14-fold
(206/726) Mouth: OR = 11.8 increased risk of cancer of mouth
(95% CI 3.6–38.4) compared with non-smokers.
for current vs. never Results are for male only.
Boffetta et al. Mouth Floor of the mouth: Non-significantly This study supports the
(1992), US OR = 4.0 (95% CI increased risk hypothesis of the
(359/2280) 1.5–10.3) for was observed for carcinogenic effect of
smoking of >35 floor of mouth tobacco smoke on the oral
cigarettes per day (OR = 1.8), soft mucosa through direct
Soft palate palate (OR = 2.3), contact
complex: OR = 4.9 buccal mucosa
(95% CI 1.1–21.5) (OR = 1.9)
for smoking of >35
cigarettes per day