Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

Table 21.1 Results of selected case–control studies of tobacco smoking and laryngeal cancer
Study Area, period, gender* Cases** Controls*** Categories OR 95% CI Comments
(cig/day)
Graham et al. USA, 1957–1965, M 374, NA H, 381, NA 0 1.0 Ref. controls from
1981 1–10 2.1 p < 0.05 cancer institute
11–20 4.8 p < 0.005
21–39 8.8 p < 0.005
40+ 8.5 p < 0.005
Burch et al. 1981 Canada, 1977–1979 204, 79% N, 204, 77% 0 1.0 Ref.
1–14 3.0 1.4–6.3
15–24 3.4 1.7–6.8
25+ 4.5 2.2–9.2
Tuyns et al. 1988 Italy, Spain, France, 696, > 80% P, 3057, 0 1.0 Ref.
Switzerland, 56–75% 1–7 2.4 1.3–4.3
1973–1980, M 8−15 6.7 4.2–10.7
16–25 13.7 8.7–21.6
26+ 16.4 10.1–26.6
Zheng et al. China, 201, 76% P, 414, 88% 0 1.0 Ref.
1992 1988–1990 1–9 1.6 0.5–4.9
10–19 7.1 3.1–16.6
20 12.4 4.6–33.2
21+ 25.1 9.9–63.2