Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

Table 22.1 (continued) Results from selected case–control studies on smoking and risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the oesophagus
Reference and Type of controls OR for current Dose Duration
location Cases:controls and former smokers Cutpoints OR 1 Cutpoints OR 1
South America
Castellsagué et al. Hospital (5 studies) Men
1999—Argentina, 830 SCCO:1779 Co Current 1–75 2.2 (1.3–3.5) 1–29 yrs 2.6 (1.7–4.2)
Brasil, Paraguay, OR = 5.1 (3.4–7.6) 8–14 4.1 (2.6–6.4) 30–39 3.6 (2.3–5.6)
Uruguay Former 15–24 5.3 (3.4–8.1) 40–49 4.7 (3.0–7.2)
OR = 2.8 (1.8–4.3)
Women
≥25 5.0 (3.2–7.7) ≥50 6.0 (3.8–9.5)
Current 1–145 2.1 (1.2–3.7) 1–29 yrs 0.5 (0.8–2.9)
OR = 3.1 (1.8–5.3)
Former
≥15 2.8 (1.4–5.4) 30–39 2.0 (0.9–4.4)
OR = 1.6 (0.8–3.1) ≥40 4.4 (2.2–9.0)
Europe
Tuyns et al. 1977— 0–94 1.0 (ref)
Ille-et-Vilaine, 10–19 1.5
France 20–29 1.6
≥30 6.1
Lagergren et al. Population Current 1–9 5 2.3 (1.1–4.6) 1–20 yrs 2.3 (1.1–4.6)
2000—Sweden 167 SCCO: 820 Co OR = 9.3 (5.1–17) 10–19 2.9 (1.5–5.8) 21–35 2.9 (1.5–5.8)
Former >19 8.8 (4.9–16) >35 8.8 (4.9–16)
OR = 2.5 (1.4–4.7)
Zambon et al. 2000— Hospital 1–14 5 3.2 (1.6–6.4) 1–24 yrs 1.5 (0.4–6.2)
Northern Italy 275 SCCO:593 Co 15–24 5.4 (2.8–10) 25–34 2.6 (1.2–5.6)
Men only ≥25 7.0 (3.2–15) ≥35 6.4 (3.5–12)