Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

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health professionals advice on smoking cessation 754 education and training 755 prostate cancer and smoking 360 smoking prevalence 229, 248, 316 Health Professionals Follow-up Study 480 Health Professionals Study 560 health promotion campaigns 317 health warnings 662, 666, 691–2 in Canada 683 in India 262 in Poland 247 in South Africa 687 ‘healthy’ cohort effect 491 heart disease see cardiovascular disease; ischaemic heart disease heavy smokers effects of smoking bans/restrictions 723 in Poland 247–8 see also smoking intensity Hedges, William 207 Helicobacter pylori infection 433, 437–8, 595 n-hentriacontane 57 herbal cigarettes 757 heritability, smoking behaviour 626 heroin 137, 138, 139 herpes simplex virus type 1, laryngeal cancer and 368 heterocyclic compounds 59, 60 high-yield cigarettes 183, 185 oesophageal cancer risk 384 oral cancer risk 412 Hill, Sir Austin Bradford 6–7, 21, 23, 208 criteria for causal associations 490, 550, 551–6, 567 hip fractures 605, 606, 614 HiQ device 78 history awareness of health impact 3–16, 20–32, 38 tobacco control legislation 677–94 tobacco use vi–viii, 3–4, 18–19, 207 central and eastern Europe 235–9 India 253 HIV infection, cervical neoplasia and 469–71 hogesoppu tobacco 254 homes nicotine concentrations 295, 296 passive smoking 296, 709, 710 smoke-free 719–22 effect on smoking uptake 726 future predictions 727 unpleasant effects of smoking 720 Hong Kong 344 hookah smoking 253, 257 hookli 253–4 hope, in tobacco control 675 Horizon 175 hormone replacement therapy (HRT), endometrial cancer risk and 531, 532, 541 hormones blood levels in smokers 533–7 effects of smoking 608, 614 urinary levels in smokers 537, 538 hospitality venues, smoking bans 718, 719, 726 hospitals promoting smoking cessation 754 smoking restrictions 715, 718–19 household surveys in India 257 in Poland 239, 242–3 HPV see human papillomaviruses human papillomaviruses (HPV) cervical neoplasia and 459, 477–478 interaction with smoking 463–467 possible mechanisms 469, 470, 471, 472 infection, relationship with smoking 467–469 laryngeal cancer and 368 humectants 76, 175 Hungary, lung cancer 243, 244, 245, 686 hydrazine 61, 96, 97 hydrogen 55 hydrogen cyanide 55, 58 hydrogen sulfide 55, 58 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB) 96, 112 3-hydroxybenzo[a]anthracene 102 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (BaP) 100 hydroxychrysenes 102 7-hydroxyethylguanine 112 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP), urinary 100, 101 hyponomy, in cigarette advertising 44–5 IARC see International Agency for Research on Cancer Ille-et-Vilaine study 389–90 immunological mechanisms, cervical neoplasia 469–471 Imperial Tobacco Company 255, 273 incessant ovulation hypothesis, ovarian cancer 511–12 indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene 59, 95, 96 India 253–65 burden due to tobacco 260–1, 283, 735 introduction of tobacco 253 litigation to compel enforcement 697 marketing targeted at women 344 oral cancer risks 423 smokeless tobacco 254–5, 257, 259, 420 tobacco control 261–3, 674 tobacco production 255–6 tobacco products 253–5 tobacco use 256–60 general population 257, 258 reasons for 259–60 women 257, 258, 332 youth 259 tuberculosis 14, 260, 735 Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) 260 individual variation smoking behaviour 624, 625 susceptibility to smoking-related cancer 636 INDEX 783
784 INDEX indole 57 indoor environments, tobacco smoke concentrations 292–7 inducements to bravery 46 infertility 335, 606, 614 inflammatory bowel disease 595 inflammatory changes, airways of smokers 581, 584 information bias, breast cancer and smoking studies 506–7 information dissemination, effects on smoking 738 information sharing, global 692 inhalation, smoke laryngeal cancer risk and 369 lung cancer and 491 particle deposition in lungs 491, 580 studies in animals 53–4, 493 initiation of smoking see smoking initiation inside advocates 670–1 Inside device 78 insulin resistance 608 insurance industry 665, 699 intermittent claudication 5, 550 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) cervical neoplasia 465 classification of carcinogens 59–61 monograph on tobacco smoking (1986) 486, 494 oesophageal cancer 383–4, 394 oral cancer 420, 425, 427 ovarian cancer 514 passive smoking 287, 289, 290 International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 10th edition (1992) 129–30 International Committee for Cigar Smoke Study 194 International Network of Women Against Tobacco (INWAT) 346, 348 Europe 346–7, 348 International Standards Organization (ISO), standard machine smoking conditions vii, 62 International Union Against Cancer (UICC) 346 internet advertising on 692 advice to stop smoking 756–7 interoceptive effects of nicotine 152–3, 155 interventions to reduce smoking 733–48 in cervical neoplasia 469 comprehensive programs 743 demand side 735–40 effectiveness 740–2 in homes 721 in India 261–3 supply side 742–3 see also treatment, tobacco dependence intracerebral haemorrhage, primary (PICH) 562 intravenous nicotine self-administration 132, 150–1, 157–9 investment, financial xii involuntary smoking see passive smoking Ireland 487 irritants, cigarette smoke 174 irritation, smoke-mediated airway see under airways ischaemic heart disease (IHD; coronary artery disease; CAD) 28, 550 alcohol and tobacco interaction 651 biological plausibility 565 Bradford Hill criteria 556 burden in India 260, 261 consistency of association 560 mortality trends 554, 555 passive smoking and 305–6, 566–8 reversibility 563 role of nicotine 137 strength and dose–response relationships 556, 557, 559 temporal sequence of association 563 in women 335 ISIS-2 study 560 isoprene 55, 60 isoprenoids 70 isoquinoline 172 isovaleric acid 70 Italy 486, 487, 679, 715 Ivory Coast 273 James VI of Scotland (later James I of England) 18, 207 Japan advertising targeting women 342 lung cancer 304–5, 488, 494 smoking bans 716 Japanese Six Prefecture Cohort Study 26 judicial action 688–90 Just Black 344 kadapan tobacco 254 kaddipudi tobacco 254 Kaiser Permanante Study 27 Kent Golden lights© 43 Kents© 39, 40 Kenya tobacco growing 274, 275 tobacco taxes 272, 273 tobacco use 268, 269 ketones, volatile 56 khaini tobacco 255 kidney disease 135 kiwam tobacco 254–5 Kluger, Richard 688 Kobe Declaration on Women and Tobacco (1999) 345, 348 Koch’s postulates 6, 490 K-ras oncogene 80, 113–14 kreteks 196 lactic acid 57 Langerhans cells 470–1 laryngeal cancer 28, 367–81 alcohol and tobacco interaction 368, 374–5, 376, 647
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Tobacco and Public Health: Science
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Tobacco and Public Health: Science
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Preface Tobacco: The public health
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PREFACE vii The cigarette companies
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dramatically. Once more, I am not s
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it impairs quality of life for year
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documents and through litigation by
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PREFACE xv it will not succeed. Now
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Stratton, K., Shetty, P., Wallace,
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Contents Preface v C. Everett Koop
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27 Tobacco and pancreas cancer 479
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Contributors Amanda Amos Reader in
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Stephen S. Hecht University of Minn
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Cecily S. Ray Project Assistant Epi
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Abbreviations AAA Abdominal aortic
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Introduction The publication of thi
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Part 1 Tobacco: History
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Introduction Chapter 1 Evolution of
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RICHARD DOLL 5 However, little atte
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RICHARD DOLL 7 lung’ (Doll and Hi
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Table 1.1 Principal diseases caused
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Table 1.4 Manufactured cigarette co
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in 1995 was approaching the maximum
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References Adler, I. (1912). Primar
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Introduction Chapter 2 The great st
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MICHAEL J. THUN AND JANE HENLEY 19
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it seems likely that some of this v
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steady increase in lung cancer occu
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cigarette smoking in deaths from co
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the effects of smoking and smoking
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Lung cancer death rate (per 100,000
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Lickint, F. (1929). Zeitschrift fur
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Chapter 3 Dealing with health fears
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LYNN T. KOZLOWSKI AND RICHARD J. O
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Table 3.3 Selected cigarette advert
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Part 2 Tobacco: Composition
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Introduction Chapter 4 The changing
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ILSE HOFFMANN AND DIETRICH HOFFMANN
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Table 4.4 (continued) Carcinogens i
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Table 4.5 Standard conditions for m
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Table 4.7 Comparison of experimenta
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the lung in rats treated with NNK (
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serve as the scientific basis in su
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Senkus, M. (ed.) (1976). Leaf compo
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Introduction Chapter 5 Tobacco smok
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 95 Established pul
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 97 magnitude lower
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 99 generally great
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Table 5.1 1-Hydroxypyrene in the ur
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Table 5.2 NNAL and its glucuronides
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 105 Table 5.2 (con
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Table 5.3 Representative DNA adduct
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G No (Wang et al. 2001a) N 2 CHCH 2
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 111 N-Nitrosopyrro
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(Kozack et al. 2000; Seo et al. 200
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the DNA adducts resulting from toba
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Culp, S. J., Gaylor, D. W., Sheldon
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 119 International
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 121 Melchior, W. B
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 123 Rivenso, A., H
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Wang, M., McIntee, E. J., Cheng, G.
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Part 3 Nicotine and addiction
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Chapter 6 Pharmacology of nicotine
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JACK E. HENNINGFIELD AND NEAL L. BE
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Pickworth et al. 1995; Shiffman et
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American Caucasians and Hispanics (
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(US DHHS 2001). At doses delivered
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References JACK E. HENNINGFIELD AND
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Introduction Chapter 7 Behavioral p
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 151 How
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(Fischman and Foltin 1991). Another
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following repeated, infrequent and
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 157 oth
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 159 cli
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to tobacco product ingredients and
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 163 Gom
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 165 Ris
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Introduction Chapter 8 Cigarette sc
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JEFF FOWLES AND DENNIS SHUSTERMAN 1
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◆ The pressure drop of the filter
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Nitrosamines Nitrosamines are biolo
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Physical design features of cigaret
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Introduction Chapter 9 Nicotine dos
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world tobacco burden (World Health
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Table 9.2 The ranges of nicotine, n
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 187 turing a
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Poland 19 1.4 n.a. n.a. 68−347 36
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 191 cigarette
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 193 Table 9.5
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 195 MS wherea
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 197 In recent
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 199 Table 9.8
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 201 Burns, D.
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International Agency for Research o
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Part 4 Tobacco use: Prevalence, tre
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Chapter 10 Tobacco in Great Britain
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Adult smoking PATTI WHITE 209 Since
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oys who were regular smokers report
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PATTI WHITE 213 cancer, and bringin
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Introduction Chapter 11 The epidemi
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since the late 1980s. In 2001, Phil
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YANG HONGHUAN 219 ◆ Among males,
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Table 11.1 Smoking among adolescent
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(57%) was higher than in males (45%
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20 cigarettes a day had double the
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Chapter 12 Patterns of smoking in R
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DAVID ZARIDZE 229 Ignatova et al. (
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DAVID ZARIDZE 231 Tyumen, respectiv
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References DAVID ZARIDZE 233 Alexee
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Chapter 13 Tobacco smoking in centr
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WITOLD ZATOŃSKI 237 The developmen
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especially post-Soviet countries, w
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No. of Cigarettes 3000 2500 2000 15
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WITOLD ZATOŃSKI 243 young men and
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DEATHS / 100,000 DEATHS / 100,000 7
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WITOLD ZATOŃSKI 247 According to d
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Unfortunately, available data on th
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Kaczmarczyk-Chalas, K., Gdulewicz,
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Chapter 14 The epidemic in India Pr
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aniseed, and musk, also available a
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PRAKASH C. GUPTA AND CECILY S. RAY
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Prevalence among youth PRAKASH C. G
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treatment and premature death were
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Although tobacco control legislatio
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PRAKASH C. GUPTA AND CECILY S. RAY
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Chapter 15 Tobacco in Africa: More
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In assessing tobacco use in Africa
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YUSSUF SALOOJEE 271 plug the gap th
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Table 15.2 Cigarette taxes as perce
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YUSSUF SALOOJEE 275 In recent years
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World Bank (2001). Economics of Tob
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Part 5 Tobacco and health. Global b
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Chapter 16 The future worldwide hea
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RICHARD PETO AND ALAN D LOPEZ 283 a
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UK male death rate at ages 35-69 ha
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Overview Chapter 17 Passive smoking
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evidence have proved to be effectiv
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 291 a thousand de
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Table 17.2 Occupational ETS exposur
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Table 17.3 Nicotine concentrations
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portable piezobalance to sample aer
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 299 Fetal effects
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 301 Investigation
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Table 17.4 Summary of pooled random
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 305 also reported
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and involuntary exposure to tobacco
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Glantz, S. A. and Parmley, W. W. (1
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 311 O’Connor, G
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 313 US Department
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Introduction Chapter 18 Adolescent
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JOHN P. PIERCE ET AL. 317 would be
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JOHN P. PIERCE ET AL. 319 Indeed, t
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JOHN P. PIERCE ET AL. 321 reached i
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subsequent consumption. Most studie
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Burns, D., Garfinkel, L., and Samet
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JOHN P. PIERCE ET AL. 327 US Depart
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The epidemic Chapter 19 Tobacco and
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 331 w
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 333 T
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 335 w
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 337 p
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 339 T
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 341 o
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 343 M
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such as Jewel and Madonna, who woul
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 347 t
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particularly in developing countrie
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 351 L
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Part 6 Tobacco and cancer
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Chapter 20 Cancer of the prostate F
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Table 20.1 Summary of results of ca
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Andersson et al. 1996 Sweden 256 ca
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Table 20.2 Summary of results of co
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cancer in younger or elderly men, w
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FABIO LEVI AND CARLO LA VECCHIA 365
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Summary Chapter 21 Laryngeal cancer
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12-year follow-up of the American C
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Hedberg et al. USA, 235, 81% P, 547
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cigarettes as compared to blond-tob
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of 3.78 and 11.47. An interpretatio
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Effect on survival In two studies f
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Cattaruzza, M. S., Maisonneuve, P.,
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USDHEW (1964). Laryngeal cancer. In
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Chapter 22 Smoking and cancer of th
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Table 22.1 Results from selected ca
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Asia Gao et al. 1994— Population
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EVA NEGRI 389 Ille-et-Vilaine, Fran
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Odds Ratio 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.30 2
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Garidou et al. 1996— Hospital ≤
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De Stefani, E., Barrios, E., and Fi
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Wynder, E. L. and Bross, I. J. (196
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Introduction Chapter 23 Tobacco use
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Table 23.1 Tobacco use and risk of
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Franceschi et al. Oral cavity, Oral
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Muscat et al. Oral cavity OR = 2.1
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Population-based case-control studi
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Lewin et al. Oral cavity, RR = 6.5
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 411 the cont
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 413 For smok
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 415 per day
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 417 than tha
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 419 For exam
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 421 decline
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Studies in India: Oral cancer is th
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carcinoma compared with other combi
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studies have demonstrated a positiv
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 429 Garrote,
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 431 Notani,
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Chapter 24 Smoking and stomach canc
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DAVID ZARIDZE 435 such as sex, age,
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DAVID ZARIDZE 437 (Kato et al. 1990
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DAVID ZARIDZE 439 respectively. The
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Gajalakshmi, C. K. and Shanta, V. (
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Pisani, P., Parkin, D. M., Bray, F.
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Introduction Chapter 25 Cigarette s
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attenuated in every study after con
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EDWARD GIOVANNUCCI 449 with a gener
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(Baron et al. 1994) of 352 colon ca
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(U.S. Dept. of Health Education and
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References EDWARD GIOVANNUCCI 455 A
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EDWARD GIOVANNUCCI 457 Kono, S., Ik
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Chapter 26 Smoking and cervical neo
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Tokuhata 1967* Williams 1977* Wigle
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Clarke 1985* Hellberg 1986* La Vecc
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ANNE SZAREWSKI AND JACK CUZICK 465
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case-control study nested in a scre
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five-fold risk of cervical cancer f
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(typically around two-fold), but be
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Introduction Chapter 27 Tobacco and
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Cigar, pipe, and chewing tobacco Wh
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Conclusion Overall, tobacco smoking
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Summary Chapter 28 Smoking and lung
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GRAHAM G. GILES AND PETER BOYLE 487
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quit for 20 years or more (Rogot an
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cancer and others where there is st
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Peto, R. (1986) Influence of dose a
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Chapter 29 Tobacco smoking and canc
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He further noted that case-control
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coefficients from the data in Table
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DIMITRIOS TRICHOPOULOS AND ARETI LA
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Epidemiology Chapter 30 Smoking and
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CRYSTAL N. HOLICK AND HARVEY A. RIS
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and at least the enteric variety of
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Chapter 31 Endometrial cancer Paul
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Table 31.1 Epidemiological studies
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studies (Terry et al. 1999, 2002a),
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Newcomer Population 740/2372 40-79
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PAUL D. TERRY ET AL. 531 levels, an
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Relative body weight Obesity is an
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Key et al. 1991 147 pre- and postme
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lood levels among current smokers,
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Table 31.7 Studies of cigarette smo
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of the association between cigarett
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Jensen, J., Christiansen, C., and R
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PAUL D. TERRY ET AL. 545 Weiderpass
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Part 7 Tobacco and heart disease
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citations of some of the best-known
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KONRAD JAMROZIK 553 because the dat
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KONRAD JAMROZIK 555 Fig. 32.2 Trend
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Table 32.3 Case-control studies of
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Table 32.5 Cohort studies of active
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Table 32.6 Effect of exclusion of p
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eadily addressed by cohort studies
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Specificity The entries in Table 32
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Table 32.8 Application of Bradford
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KONRAD JAMROZIK 569 arterial CVD re
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elationship goes beyond statistical
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Garland, C., Barrett-Connor, E., Su
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National Health and Medical Researc
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Part 8 Tobacco and respiratory dise
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Introduction Chapter 33 Chronic obs
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Many of the constituents in both th
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DAVID M. BURNS rate of growth in lu
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Death rates from COPD in smokers an
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Fraction of Excess Risk 1.20 1.00 0
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DAVID M. BURNS Higgins, M. W., Enri
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Part 9 Tobacco and other diseases
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Introduction Chapter 34 Smoking and
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ALLAN HACKSHAW 595 several mechanis
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Table 34.4 Studies that reported re
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Table 34.5 Cohort studies that repo
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than non-smokers; they have about h
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Table 34.8 Cohort studies that repo
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esults from cohort studies. There i
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ALLAN HACKSHAW 607 (DiFranza and Le
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Table 34.12 Cohort studies that rep
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Caries and tooth loss Because perio
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Table 34.16 Summary of disorders in
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References ALLAN HACKSHAW 615 Allar
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Johnsen, R., Forde, O. H., Straume,
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Seddon, J. M., Willett, W. C., Spei
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Part 10 Genetics, nicotine addictio
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Chapter 35 Genes, nicotine addictio
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Cotinine (ng/ml) 750 500 250 OXCHEC
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MICHAEL MURPHY ET AL. 627 of those
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MICHAEL MURPHY ET AL. risk associat
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Table 35.2 (continued) Gene map Chr
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MICHAEL MURPHY ET AL. pre-clinical
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Steps to carcinogenesis Exposure to
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DNA repair As previously alluded to
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MICHAEL MURPHY ET AL. Lichtenstein,
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Part 11 Tobacco and alcohol
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Table 36.1 Comparison of alcohol an
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Although gene therapy has rarely be
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20+ TABAC 5.1 10-19 0-9 3.4 12.3 0-
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Heavy drinking is known to cause ga
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Treatment issues and co-dependence
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ALBERT B. LOWENFELS AND PATRICK MAI
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Part 12 Tobacco control: Successes
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Introduction Chapter 37 Global toba
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NIGEL GRAY (sometimes at state leve
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NIGEL GRAY The first attempt to red
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per litre of smoke. Reduction of th
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Borland, R., Cappiello, M. and Owen
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Chapter 38 Lessons in tobacco contr
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entangling relationships with negot
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successful country advocates deeply
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Thus, when the opportunity arose, t
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Chapter 39 A brief history of legis
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Committee, mentioned above, little
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4. Tobacco and its related processi
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RUTH ROEMER 683 advertising and adv
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or shows, and distribution of free
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RUTH ROEMER 687 threat to the peopl
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RUTH ROEMER 689 The case was settle
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Another study by Harvard researcher
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At the end of 2003, 83 countries ha
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Chapter 40 Roles of tobacco litigat
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NGOs obtained sanctions against tob
Page 732 and 733:
RICHARD A. DAYNARD 699 In a 1980s c
Page 734 and 735:
RICHARD A. DAYNARD 701 Fourth, the
Page 736 and 737:
even impossible. Such a statute pre
Page 738 and 739:
RICHARD A. DAYNARD 705 Daynard, R.
Page 740 and 741:
Introduction Chapter 41 Impact of s
Page 742 and 743:
in this chapter, is evidence that s
Page 744 and 745:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 711 Wh
Page 746 and 747:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 713 On
Page 748 and 749:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 715 ro
Page 750 and 751:
you are subject, but this does not
Page 752 and 753:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 719 to
Page 754 and 755:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 721 fo
Page 756 and 757:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 723 (E
Page 758 and 759:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 725 th
Page 760 and 761:
advanced. Although in countries lik
Page 762 and 763:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 729 Da
Page 764 and 765:
RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 731 Pr
Page 766 and 767: Introduction Chapter 42 Effective i
Page 768 and 769: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 735 India (Gupta
Page 770 and 771: Average price or tax per pack (US$)
Page 772 and 773: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 739 Bans on adve
Page 774 and 775: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 741 Table 42.2 T
Page 776 and 777: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 743 antismugglin
Page 778 and 779: Farrelly, M. C., Pechacek, T. F., a
Page 780 and 781: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 747 Raw, M., Mc
Page 782 and 783: Part 13 Treatment of dependence
Page 784 and 785: Introduction Chapter 43 Treatment o
Page 786 and 787: Nocturnal sleep-disturbing nicotine
Page 788 and 789: MICHAEL KUNZE AND E. GROMAN 755 tob
Page 790 and 791: Fifteen different products were ide
Page 792 and 793: In summary, tobacco dependence amon
Page 794 and 795: medications for OTC sale in 1996, t
Page 796 and 797: MICHAEL KUNZE AND E. GROMAN 763 US
Page 798 and 799: Chapter 44 Regulation of the cigare
Page 800 and 801: as these correlate quite well with
Page 802 and 803: NIGEL GRAY 769 within three major g
Page 804 and 805: of carcinogens and toxins in its wa
Page 806 and 807: Index abdominal aortic aneurysm see
Page 808 and 809: aromatic amines 58, 60, 98 DNA addu
Page 810 and 811: central and eastern Europe (CEE) (C
Page 812 and 813: coronary thrombosis 5 see also myoc
Page 814 and 815: epinephrine 169 epoxide hydrolase g
Page 818 and 819: laryngeal cancer (Continued) animal
Page 820 and 821: Morris, Philip 207 see also Philip
Page 822 and 823: nursing home residents 718 nutritio
Page 824 and 825: Polish Central Statistical Office (
Page 826 and 827: smoke, tobacco (including cigarette
Page 828 and 829: Sweden female smoking rates 330-1 l
Page 830 and 831: United Nations agencies 680-1 Unite
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Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

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