Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

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medications for OTC sale in 1996, the use of nicotine medications has increased by 152% compared with prior prescription use (Shiffman et al. 1997). In many countries NRT products are now available OTC. One of the reasons for this is that using ANDS is safe and dependence is very unlikely. The consequences of the OTC status is the facilitation of access and encouraging smokers to use ANDS. The number of quit attempts is also increasing (Kunze et al. 1998). Some countries also see NRT products being delivered by means of general sales. Experiences with this kind of distribution need to be monitored and evaluated at a later stage. Conclusions Useful smoking cessation treatments are available. However, they need to be made more available and to be used more aggressively. Higher dosing needs to be considered, especially for patients for whom abstinence is not the likely outcome. Reduced smoking is better than heavy smoking. Cessation services need to be institutionalized more widely and the health professions, in particular, must set examples. References MICHAEL KUNZE AND E. GROMAN 761 American Psychiatry Association (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health III (DSM–III). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-III, Washington DC. Balfour, D. L. K. and Fagerström, K. O. (1996). Pharmacology of nicotine and its therapeutic use in smoking cessation and neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10, 1–30. Eckl-Dorna, J. and Groman E. (1999). Evidence and not evidence-based products offered for smoking cessation on the world wide web. MEDNET,Abstracts Book, 17–8. Fagerström, K. O., Kunze, M., Schoberberger, R., Breslau, N., Hughes, J., Hurt, R.D., et al. (1996). Tobacco dependence versus prevalence of smoking: Comparison between countries and categories of smokers. Tobacco Control, 5, 52–6. Fiore, M. C. (2000). Consensus statement: A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence. JAMA, 283, 3244–54. Gray,N.and Daube, M. (1980). Guidelines for Smoking Control (2nd edn.), UICC Technical Report Series—Vol. 52. Groman, E., Kunze, U., Schmeiser-Rieder, A., and Schoberberger, R. (1998). Measurement of expired carbon monoxide among medical students to assess smoking behaviour. Soz Praventivmed, 43, 322–4. Groman, E., Bernhard, G., Blauensteiner, D., and Kunze U. (1999a). A harmful aid to stopping smoking, The Lancet, 353, 9151, 466–7. Groman, E., Kunze, U., Schmeiser-Rieder, A., and Schoberberger R. (1999b). Konzept, Aufgaben und Dienststellungen eines Institutes zur Diagnostik und Therapie der Tabak-und Nikotinabhängigkeit. Neuropsychiatrie, 13(3), 139–44. Groman, E., Bayer, P., Kunze, U., Schmeiser-Rieder, A., and Schoberberger, R. (2000a). Diagnostik und Therapie der Nikotinabhängigkeit—eine Analyse des Bedarfs in Österreich. WMW, 150(6), 109–14.
762 TREATMENT OF TOBACCO DEPENDENCE Groman, E., Bayer, P., Kiefer, I., Eckl-Dorna, J., and Schoberberger, R. (2000b). Bupropion (Zyban): First results of an independent clinical management study. Sucht, 46(6), S408–S413. Hale, K., Hughes, J. R., Oliveto, A. H., et al. (1993). Tobacco dependence in a population-based sample. In: Problems of drug dependence (ed. Harris LS), NIDA Research Monograph no. 132, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC. Hall,W., Madden, P., and Lynskey, M. (2002). The genetics of tobacco use: Methods, findings and policy implications. Tobacco Control, 11, 119–24. Hughes, J. R. (1991). Distinguishing withdrawal relief and direct effects of smoking. Psychopharmacology, 104, 409–10. Hurt, R.D.,Sachs, D. P. L., Glover, E. D., et al. (1997). A comparison of sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation. New England Journal of Medicine, 337, 1195–202. Jiménez-Ruiz, C., Kunze, M., and Fagerström, K. O. (1998). Nicotine replacement: a new approach to reducing tobacco-related harm. Eur Respir J, 11, 473–9. Jorenby, D. E., Leischow, S. J., and Nides, M. A., et al. (1999). A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation. The New England Journal of Medicine, 340(9), 685–91. Kunze, M. (1993). State of the art of tobacco cessation.Vortrag anläßlich der 3rd International Conference on Preventive Cardiology, Oslo, 27.06.-01.07.1993 Kunze, M. (1997). Harm reduction: The possible role of nicotine replacement. In: The Tobacco Epidemic (eds. Bolliger CT and Fagerström KO), Prog Respir Res., Basel, Karger 28, 190–8. Kunze, M. (2000). Maximizing help for dissonant smokers. Addiction, 95(Supplement), 13–7. Kunze, M. and Wood, M. (1984). Guidelines on Smoking Cessation. UICC Technical Report Series—Vol. 79, Geneva. Kunze, U., Schoberberger, R., Schmeiser-Rieder, A., Groman, E., and Kunze, M. (1998). Alternative nicotine delivery systems (ANDS)—Public Health—Aspects. Wien Klin Wochenschr, 110/23, 811–16. Lagrue, G., Grimaldi, C., Demaria, C., et al. (1989). Épiedémiologie de la dépendance physique à la nicotine. Seminars Hospital Paris, 65, 2448–50. Messinezy, M. and Pearson, T. C. (1993). Apparent polycythaemia: Diagnosis, pathogenesis and management. Eur J Haematol, 51(3), 125–31. National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2002). Guidance on the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and bupropion for smoking cessation. Technology Appraisal Guidance, No. 39. Raw, M., Anderson, P., Batra, A., Dubois, G., Harrington, P., Hirsch, A., et al. (2002). WHO Europe evidence based recommendations on the treatment of tobacco dependence. Tobacco Control. Rieder, A., Kunze, U., Groman, E., Kiefer, I., and Schoberberger, R. (2001). Nocturnal sleep-disturbing nicotine craving: A newly described symptom of extreme tobacco dependence. Acta Med Austriaca, 28(1), 21–2. Schoberberger, R. (1993). Psychological and physiological dependence. Vortrag anläßlich der 3rd International Conference on Preventive Cardiology, Oslo, 27.06.-01.07.1993 Schoberberger, R., Kunze, U., Schmeiser-Rieder, A., Groman, E., and Kunze, M. (1998). Wiener Standard zur Diagnostik der Nikotinabhängigkeit: Wiener Standard Raucher-Inventar (WSR). Wiener Med Wochenschr, 148(3), 52–64. Shiffman, S., Gitchell, J., Pinney, J. M., Burton, S. L., Kemper, K. E., and Lara, E. A. (1997). Public benefit of over-the-counter nicotine medications. Tob Control, 6, 306–10.
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Tobacco and Public Health: Science
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Tobacco and Public Health: Science
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Preface Tobacco: The public health
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PREFACE vii The cigarette companies
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dramatically. Once more, I am not s
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it impairs quality of life for year
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documents and through litigation by
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PREFACE xv it will not succeed. Now
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Stratton, K., Shetty, P., Wallace,
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Contents Preface v C. Everett Koop
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27 Tobacco and pancreas cancer 479
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Contributors Amanda Amos Reader in
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Stephen S. Hecht University of Minn
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Cecily S. Ray Project Assistant Epi
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Abbreviations AAA Abdominal aortic
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Introduction The publication of thi
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Part 1 Tobacco: History
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Introduction Chapter 1 Evolution of
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RICHARD DOLL 5 However, little atte
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RICHARD DOLL 7 lung’ (Doll and Hi
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Table 1.1 Principal diseases caused
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Table 1.4 Manufactured cigarette co
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in 1995 was approaching the maximum
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References Adler, I. (1912). Primar
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Introduction Chapter 2 The great st
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MICHAEL J. THUN AND JANE HENLEY 19
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it seems likely that some of this v
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steady increase in lung cancer occu
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cigarette smoking in deaths from co
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the effects of smoking and smoking
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Lung cancer death rate (per 100,000
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Lickint, F. (1929). Zeitschrift fur
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Chapter 3 Dealing with health fears
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LYNN T. KOZLOWSKI AND RICHARD J. O
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Table 3.3 Selected cigarette advert
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Part 2 Tobacco: Composition
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Introduction Chapter 4 The changing
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ILSE HOFFMANN AND DIETRICH HOFFMANN
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Table 4.4 (continued) Carcinogens i
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Table 4.5 Standard conditions for m
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Table 4.7 Comparison of experimenta
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the lung in rats treated with NNK (
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serve as the scientific basis in su
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Senkus, M. (ed.) (1976). Leaf compo
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Introduction Chapter 5 Tobacco smok
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 95 Established pul
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 97 magnitude lower
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 99 generally great
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Table 5.1 1-Hydroxypyrene in the ur
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Table 5.2 NNAL and its glucuronides
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 105 Table 5.2 (con
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Table 5.3 Representative DNA adduct
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G No (Wang et al. 2001a) N 2 CHCH 2
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 111 N-Nitrosopyrro
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(Kozack et al. 2000; Seo et al. 200
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the DNA adducts resulting from toba
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Culp, S. J., Gaylor, D. W., Sheldon
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 119 International
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 121 Melchior, W. B
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STEPHEN S. HECHT 123 Rivenso, A., H
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Wang, M., McIntee, E. J., Cheng, G.
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Part 3 Nicotine and addiction
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Chapter 6 Pharmacology of nicotine
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JACK E. HENNINGFIELD AND NEAL L. BE
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Pickworth et al. 1995; Shiffman et
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American Caucasians and Hispanics (
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(US DHHS 2001). At doses delivered
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References JACK E. HENNINGFIELD AND
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Introduction Chapter 7 Behavioral p
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 151 How
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(Fischman and Foltin 1991). Another
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following repeated, infrequent and
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 157 oth
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 159 cli
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to tobacco product ingredients and
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 163 Gom
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BRIDGETTE E. GARRETT ET AL. 165 Ris
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Introduction Chapter 8 Cigarette sc
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JEFF FOWLES AND DENNIS SHUSTERMAN 1
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◆ The pressure drop of the filter
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Nitrosamines Nitrosamines are biolo
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Physical design features of cigaret
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Introduction Chapter 9 Nicotine dos
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world tobacco burden (World Health
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Table 9.2 The ranges of nicotine, n
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 187 turing a
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Poland 19 1.4 n.a. n.a. 68−347 36
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 191 cigarette
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 193 Table 9.5
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 195 MS wherea
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 197 In recent
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 199 Table 9.8
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MIRJANA V. DJORDJEVIC 201 Burns, D.
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International Agency for Research o
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Part 4 Tobacco use: Prevalence, tre
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Chapter 10 Tobacco in Great Britain
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Adult smoking PATTI WHITE 209 Since
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oys who were regular smokers report
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PATTI WHITE 213 cancer, and bringin
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Introduction Chapter 11 The epidemi
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since the late 1980s. In 2001, Phil
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YANG HONGHUAN 219 ◆ Among males,
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Table 11.1 Smoking among adolescent
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(57%) was higher than in males (45%
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20 cigarettes a day had double the
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Chapter 12 Patterns of smoking in R
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DAVID ZARIDZE 229 Ignatova et al. (
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DAVID ZARIDZE 231 Tyumen, respectiv
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References DAVID ZARIDZE 233 Alexee
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Chapter 13 Tobacco smoking in centr
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WITOLD ZATOŃSKI 237 The developmen
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especially post-Soviet countries, w
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No. of Cigarettes 3000 2500 2000 15
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WITOLD ZATOŃSKI 243 young men and
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DEATHS / 100,000 DEATHS / 100,000 7
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WITOLD ZATOŃSKI 247 According to d
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Unfortunately, available data on th
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Kaczmarczyk-Chalas, K., Gdulewicz,
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Chapter 14 The epidemic in India Pr
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aniseed, and musk, also available a
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PRAKASH C. GUPTA AND CECILY S. RAY
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Prevalence among youth PRAKASH C. G
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treatment and premature death were
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Although tobacco control legislatio
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PRAKASH C. GUPTA AND CECILY S. RAY
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Chapter 15 Tobacco in Africa: More
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In assessing tobacco use in Africa
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YUSSUF SALOOJEE 271 plug the gap th
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Table 15.2 Cigarette taxes as perce
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YUSSUF SALOOJEE 275 In recent years
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World Bank (2001). Economics of Tob
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Part 5 Tobacco and health. Global b
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Chapter 16 The future worldwide hea
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RICHARD PETO AND ALAN D LOPEZ 283 a
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UK male death rate at ages 35-69 ha
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Overview Chapter 17 Passive smoking
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evidence have proved to be effectiv
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 291 a thousand de
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Table 17.2 Occupational ETS exposur
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Table 17.3 Nicotine concentrations
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portable piezobalance to sample aer
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 299 Fetal effects
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 301 Investigation
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Table 17.4 Summary of pooled random
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 305 also reported
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and involuntary exposure to tobacco
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Glantz, S. A. and Parmley, W. W. (1
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 311 O’Connor, G
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JONATHAN M. SAMET 313 US Department
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Introduction Chapter 18 Adolescent
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JOHN P. PIERCE ET AL. 317 would be
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JOHN P. PIERCE ET AL. 319 Indeed, t
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JOHN P. PIERCE ET AL. 321 reached i
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subsequent consumption. Most studie
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Burns, D., Garfinkel, L., and Samet
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JOHN P. PIERCE ET AL. 327 US Depart
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The epidemic Chapter 19 Tobacco and
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 331 w
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 333 T
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 335 w
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 337 p
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 339 T
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 341 o
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 343 M
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such as Jewel and Madonna, who woul
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 347 t
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particularly in developing countrie
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AMANDA AMOS AND JUDITH MACKAY 351 L
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Part 6 Tobacco and cancer
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Chapter 20 Cancer of the prostate F
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Table 20.1 Summary of results of ca
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Andersson et al. 1996 Sweden 256 ca
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Table 20.2 Summary of results of co
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cancer in younger or elderly men, w
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FABIO LEVI AND CARLO LA VECCHIA 365
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Summary Chapter 21 Laryngeal cancer
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12-year follow-up of the American C
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Hedberg et al. USA, 235, 81% P, 547
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cigarettes as compared to blond-tob
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of 3.78 and 11.47. An interpretatio
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Effect on survival In two studies f
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Cattaruzza, M. S., Maisonneuve, P.,
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USDHEW (1964). Laryngeal cancer. In
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Chapter 22 Smoking and cancer of th
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Table 22.1 Results from selected ca
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Asia Gao et al. 1994— Population
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EVA NEGRI 389 Ille-et-Vilaine, Fran
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Odds Ratio 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.30 2
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Garidou et al. 1996— Hospital ≤
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De Stefani, E., Barrios, E., and Fi
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Wynder, E. L. and Bross, I. J. (196
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Introduction Chapter 23 Tobacco use
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Table 23.1 Tobacco use and risk of
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Franceschi et al. Oral cavity, Oral
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Muscat et al. Oral cavity OR = 2.1
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Population-based case-control studi
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Lewin et al. Oral cavity, RR = 6.5
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 411 the cont
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 413 For smok
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 415 per day
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 417 than tha
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 419 For exam
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 421 decline
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Studies in India: Oral cancer is th
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carcinoma compared with other combi
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studies have demonstrated a positiv
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 429 Garrote,
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TONGZHANG ZHENG ET AL. 431 Notani,
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Chapter 24 Smoking and stomach canc
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DAVID ZARIDZE 435 such as sex, age,
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DAVID ZARIDZE 437 (Kato et al. 1990
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DAVID ZARIDZE 439 respectively. The
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Gajalakshmi, C. K. and Shanta, V. (
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Pisani, P., Parkin, D. M., Bray, F.
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Introduction Chapter 25 Cigarette s
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attenuated in every study after con
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EDWARD GIOVANNUCCI 449 with a gener
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(Baron et al. 1994) of 352 colon ca
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(U.S. Dept. of Health Education and
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References EDWARD GIOVANNUCCI 455 A
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EDWARD GIOVANNUCCI 457 Kono, S., Ik
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Chapter 26 Smoking and cervical neo
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Tokuhata 1967* Williams 1977* Wigle
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Clarke 1985* Hellberg 1986* La Vecc
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ANNE SZAREWSKI AND JACK CUZICK 465
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case-control study nested in a scre
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five-fold risk of cervical cancer f
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(typically around two-fold), but be
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Introduction Chapter 27 Tobacco and
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Cigar, pipe, and chewing tobacco Wh
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Conclusion Overall, tobacco smoking
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Summary Chapter 28 Smoking and lung
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GRAHAM G. GILES AND PETER BOYLE 487
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quit for 20 years or more (Rogot an
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cancer and others where there is st
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Peto, R. (1986) Influence of dose a
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Chapter 29 Tobacco smoking and canc
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He further noted that case-control
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coefficients from the data in Table
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DIMITRIOS TRICHOPOULOS AND ARETI LA
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Epidemiology Chapter 30 Smoking and
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CRYSTAL N. HOLICK AND HARVEY A. RIS
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and at least the enteric variety of
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Chapter 31 Endometrial cancer Paul
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Table 31.1 Epidemiological studies
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studies (Terry et al. 1999, 2002a),
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Newcomer Population 740/2372 40-79
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PAUL D. TERRY ET AL. 531 levels, an
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Relative body weight Obesity is an
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Key et al. 1991 147 pre- and postme
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lood levels among current smokers,
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Table 31.7 Studies of cigarette smo
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of the association between cigarett
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Jensen, J., Christiansen, C., and R
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PAUL D. TERRY ET AL. 545 Weiderpass
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Part 7 Tobacco and heart disease
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citations of some of the best-known
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KONRAD JAMROZIK 553 because the dat
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KONRAD JAMROZIK 555 Fig. 32.2 Trend
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Table 32.3 Case-control studies of
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Table 32.5 Cohort studies of active
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Table 32.6 Effect of exclusion of p
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eadily addressed by cohort studies
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Specificity The entries in Table 32
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Table 32.8 Application of Bradford
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KONRAD JAMROZIK 569 arterial CVD re
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elationship goes beyond statistical
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Garland, C., Barrett-Connor, E., Su
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National Health and Medical Researc
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Part 8 Tobacco and respiratory dise
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Introduction Chapter 33 Chronic obs
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Many of the constituents in both th
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DAVID M. BURNS rate of growth in lu
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Death rates from COPD in smokers an
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Fraction of Excess Risk 1.20 1.00 0
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DAVID M. BURNS Higgins, M. W., Enri
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Part 9 Tobacco and other diseases
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Introduction Chapter 34 Smoking and
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ALLAN HACKSHAW 595 several mechanis
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Table 34.4 Studies that reported re
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Table 34.5 Cohort studies that repo
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than non-smokers; they have about h
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Table 34.8 Cohort studies that repo
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esults from cohort studies. There i
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ALLAN HACKSHAW 607 (DiFranza and Le
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Table 34.12 Cohort studies that rep
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Caries and tooth loss Because perio
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Table 34.16 Summary of disorders in
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References ALLAN HACKSHAW 615 Allar
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Johnsen, R., Forde, O. H., Straume,
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Seddon, J. M., Willett, W. C., Spei
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Part 10 Genetics, nicotine addictio
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Chapter 35 Genes, nicotine addictio
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Cotinine (ng/ml) 750 500 250 OXCHEC
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MICHAEL MURPHY ET AL. 627 of those
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MICHAEL MURPHY ET AL. risk associat
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Table 35.2 (continued) Gene map Chr
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MICHAEL MURPHY ET AL. pre-clinical
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Steps to carcinogenesis Exposure to
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DNA repair As previously alluded to
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MICHAEL MURPHY ET AL. Lichtenstein,
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Part 11 Tobacco and alcohol
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Table 36.1 Comparison of alcohol an
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Although gene therapy has rarely be
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20+ TABAC 5.1 10-19 0-9 3.4 12.3 0-
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Heavy drinking is known to cause ga
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Treatment issues and co-dependence
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ALBERT B. LOWENFELS AND PATRICK MAI
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Part 12 Tobacco control: Successes
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Introduction Chapter 37 Global toba
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NIGEL GRAY (sometimes at state leve
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NIGEL GRAY The first attempt to red
Page 698 and 699:
per litre of smoke. Reduction of th
Page 700 and 701:
Borland, R., Cappiello, M. and Owen
Page 702 and 703:
Chapter 38 Lessons in tobacco contr
Page 704 and 705:
entangling relationships with negot
Page 706 and 707:
successful country advocates deeply
Page 708 and 709:
Thus, when the opportunity arose, t
Page 710 and 711:
Chapter 39 A brief history of legis
Page 712 and 713:
Committee, mentioned above, little
Page 714 and 715:
4. Tobacco and its related processi
Page 716 and 717:
RUTH ROEMER 683 advertising and adv
Page 718 and 719:
or shows, and distribution of free
Page 720 and 721:
RUTH ROEMER 687 threat to the peopl
Page 722 and 723:
RUTH ROEMER 689 The case was settle
Page 724 and 725:
Another study by Harvard researcher
Page 726 and 727:
At the end of 2003, 83 countries ha
Page 728 and 729:
Chapter 40 Roles of tobacco litigat
Page 730 and 731:
NGOs obtained sanctions against tob
Page 732 and 733:
RICHARD A. DAYNARD 699 In a 1980s c
Page 734 and 735:
RICHARD A. DAYNARD 701 Fourth, the
Page 736 and 737:
even impossible. Such a statute pre
Page 738 and 739:
RICHARD A. DAYNARD 705 Daynard, R.
Page 740 and 741:
Introduction Chapter 41 Impact of s
Page 742 and 743:
in this chapter, is evidence that s
Page 744 and 745: RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 711 Wh
Page 746 and 747: RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 713 On
Page 748 and 749: RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 715 ro
Page 750 and 751: you are subject, but this does not
Page 752 and 753: RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 719 to
Page 754 and 755: RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 721 fo
Page 756 and 757: RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 723 (E
Page 758 and 759: RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 725 th
Page 760 and 761: advanced. Although in countries lik
Page 762 and 763: RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 729 Da
Page 764 and 765: RON BORLAND AND CLAIRE DAVEY 731 Pr
Page 766 and 767: Introduction Chapter 42 Effective i
Page 768 and 769: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 735 India (Gupta
Page 770 and 771: Average price or tax per pack (US$)
Page 772 and 773: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 739 Bans on adve
Page 774 and 775: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 741 Table 42.2 T
Page 776 and 777: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 743 antismugglin
Page 778 and 779: Farrelly, M. C., Pechacek, T. F., a
Page 780 and 781: PRABHAT JHA ET AL. 747 Raw, M., Mc
Page 782 and 783: Part 13 Treatment of dependence
Page 784 and 785: Introduction Chapter 43 Treatment o
Page 786 and 787: Nocturnal sleep-disturbing nicotine
Page 788 and 789: MICHAEL KUNZE AND E. GROMAN 755 tob
Page 790 and 791: Fifteen different products were ide
Page 792 and 793: In summary, tobacco dependence amon
Page 796 and 797: MICHAEL KUNZE AND E. GROMAN 763 US
Page 798 and 799: Chapter 44 Regulation of the cigare
Page 800 and 801: as these correlate quite well with
Page 802 and 803: NIGEL GRAY 769 within three major g
Page 804 and 805: of carcinogens and toxins in its wa
Page 806 and 807: Index abdominal aortic aneurysm see
Page 808 and 809: aromatic amines 58, 60, 98 DNA addu
Page 810 and 811: central and eastern Europe (CEE) (C
Page 812 and 813: coronary thrombosis 5 see also myoc
Page 814 and 815: epinephrine 169 epoxide hydrolase g
Page 816 and 817: health professionals advice on smok
Page 818 and 819: laryngeal cancer (Continued) animal
Page 820 and 821: Morris, Philip 207 see also Philip
Page 822 and 823: nursing home residents 718 nutritio
Page 824 and 825: Polish Central Statistical Office (
Page 826 and 827: smoke, tobacco (including cigarette
Page 828 and 829: Sweden female smoking rates 330-1 l
Page 830 and 831: United Nations agencies 680-1 Unite
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Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

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