Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

244
TOBACCO SMOKING IN CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES: POLAND
DEATHS / 100,000
DEATHS / 100,000
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
MALES, AGE 20–44
0
1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999
YEAR
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
POLAND UK USA HUNGARY
MALES, AGE 65 AND OVER
0
1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999
YEAR
MALES, AGE 45–64
0
1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999
YEAR
made without additives. They had a relatively high content of nicotine (about
2 mg/piece in the 1980s) and tar (about 20 mg/piece in the 1980s) (Przewo´zniak et al.
1987; Zatoński and Przewo´zniak 1987, 1988). Cigarettes seldom had filters. In 1982,
28% of men and 74% of women smoked filter cigarettes; in 1988, 48% of cigarettes
sold had filters (Zatoński and Przewo´zniak 1992; Forey et al. 2002). After 1990 international
tobacco companies successively took over almost the entire tobacco industry in
Poland (and in other EE countries). Now cigarettes are manufactured according to
international formulas and standards. Their toxic properties, ‘power’ additives and
taste enhancers are similar to those used in the western world (Djordjevic et al. 2002).
DEATHS / 100,000
DEATHS / 100,000
250
200
150
100
POLAND UK USA HUNGARY POLAND UK USA HUNGARY
50
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
POLAND UK USA HUNGARY
MALES, ALL AGE GROUPS
0
1959 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999
YEAR
Fig. 13.3 Mortality trends from lung cancer, selected countries 1959–1999.