Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

Conclusion
Overall, tobacco smoking is associated with a two- to three-fold increased risk of
pancreatic cancer and is responsible for approximately 25% of all pancreatic tumours.
The risk is increasing with the amount of cigarette smoked and 10–15 years have to
pass from quitting smoking until the risk fell to the level of a non-smoker. The risk
seems to be higher for younger subjects and decreases to non-significant values among
elderly people. Among individuals at high risk of pancreatic cancer such as patients
with hereditary pancreatitis, smoking further advances the age at which cancer develops.
Smoking has also been associated with histopathological alterations of the epithelial
cells of the pancreas and the tobacco-related carcinogens. NNK induces adenocarcinoma
of the pancreas in laboratory animals. Still, smoking remains the strongest risk factor
amenable to preventive intervention.
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