Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

Muscat et al. Oral cavity OR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.4–3.2) Oral snuff and Very few subjects used oral
(1996), US and for cumulative lifetime chewing tobacco snuff and chewing tobacco
(1009/923) pharynx tar intake of >6.8 kg in were unrelated to
males; OR = 4.6 (95% oral cancer risk in
CI 2.5–8.7) for this study
cumulative tar intake
of >6.8 kg in females
Zheng et al. (1997), Tongue OR = 2.7 (95% The number of cases and
Beijing, CI 1.3–5.9) for current controls was small
China (111/111) vs. never; OR = 2.2
(95% CI 1.1–4.6)
for ex-smokers vs.
never
De Stefani et al. Oral cavity OR = 13.4 (95% CI The combined effect for
(1998), and 6.5–27.9) for tobacco and alcohol is
Uruguay, US pharynx smoking of >62 supramultiplicative
(471/471) pack-years vs.
never smoking
Schlecht et al. Mouth, OR = 8.0 (95% Pipe: OR = 8.2 Smoking cessation resulted
(1999), Brazil pharynx, CI 4.6–13.8) for (95% CI 3.7–17.8) in a significant risk reduction,
(784/1578) and larynx smoking of >40 for smoking of decreasing nearly to the levels
cigarettes per day >20 pack years of never smokers after 20 years
Cigar: OR = 3.9 of abstention
(95% CI 1.5–10.4)
for ever vs. never
Franceschi et al. Oral cavity OR = 10.7 (95% CI Men only
(1999), Italy and 5.0–22.8) for
(638/1254) pharynx smoking of ≥25
cigarettes per day