Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

Table 32.4 Case–control studies of active smoking and other arterial disease in Perth, Western Australia
Type of arterial disease Definition Daily Cases Controls Odds 95% Confidence Adjusted for:
(Period of study) and source consumption ratio limits
[Reference]
Sex and age-groups
of case of cigarettes
Cerebrovascular disease Stroke: Perth n = 295 n = 553 history of hypertension,
(1989–1990) Community Never smoked 1.0 – alcohol, claudication,
(Jamrozik et al. 1994) Stroke Ex-smoker 0.75 0.46, 1.24 previous CeVD,
Both sexes; Study 1–20 1.99 1.04, 3.79 dietary milk, meat,
ages ≥18 years 21+ 3.52 1.35, 9.14 salt, fish; matched
for age and sex
Abdominal aortic AAA ≥ 30mm n = 875 n = 11 328 age, place of birth,
aneurysm WA* Never smoked 1.0 – height, family history
(1996–1998) AAA Ex-smoker 2.5 2.0, 3.1 of AAA, dietary salt,
(Jamrozik et al. 2000a) Program 1–24 4.5 3.5, 5.8 exercise, waist:
Men only: 65–83 years 25+ 6.0 4.0, 9.0 hip ratio
Peripheral arterial disease IC or n = 744 n = 3726 age, diabetes,
(1996–1998) ABI ≤ 0.9 Never smoked 1.0 – exercise, history
(Fowler et al. 2002) WA Ex-smoker 2.1 1.6, 2.6 of hyperlipidaemia
Men only: 65–83 years AAA 1–14 3.9 2.7, 5.6
Program 15–24 6.6 4.2, 10.5
25+ 7.3 4.2, 12.8
*WA = Western Australia; AAA = abdominal aortic aneurysm; IC = intermittent claudication; ABI = ankle:brachial index of systolic blood pressure.