Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

Table 20.1 Summary of results of case–control studies on prostate cancer in relation to cigarette smoking
Investigator(s) Location No. of subjects Major findings
Schwartz et al. 1961 Paris, France 139 cases No association. 79% and 73% of smokers among cases
139 hospital controls and controls, respectively
Wynder et al. 1971 New York, U.S. 300 cases No association. 40% and 39% of cigarette smokers among
400 hospital controls cases and controls, respectively
Kolonel and Winkelstein New York, U.S. 176 cases No significant association. a Ever smokers: OR = 1.1
1977 269 hospital controls (noncancer controls), OR = 1.0 (cancer controls)
Schuman et al. 1977 Minneapolis, U.S. 40 cases Direct association, when neighborhood, but not hospital
43 hospital controls, were used
35 neighborhood controls
Williams and Horm 1977 U.S. (Third Nat. Cancer 257 cases No association. No of cigarette smoked: 1-400/year,
controls survey) 1116 population controls OR = 0.7; 401–800/year, OR = 0.7; >800/year, OR = 0.9.
Niijima and Koiso 1980 Japan 187 cases No association
200 hospital controls
Mishina et al. 1985 Kyoto, Japan 111 cases No significant association. a Ever smokers: RR = 1.6
100 population controls
Checkoway et al. 1987 Chapel Hill, U.S. 40 cases No association
64 hospital controls
Ross et al. 1987 Los Angeles, U.S. 284 cases (142 blacks and 142 whites) No association. a Ever smokers:
284 population controls Whites, RR =1.1; Blacks, RR = 0.9
(142 blacks and 142 whites)
Honda et al. 1988 California, U.S. 216 cases Ever smokers: RR = 1.9; years of smoking: >40, RR = 2.6
212 population controls
Yu et al. 1988 U.S. 1162 cases (989 whites and 161 blacks) No significant association. a Whites: ex-smokers OR = 0.9;
3124 hospital controls current smokers OR = 1.0. Blacks: ex-smokers OR = 1.4;
(2791 whites and 320 blacks) current smokers OR = 1.7