Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

Table 34.1 Published pooled relative risks associated with smoking and gastrointestinal disease
Disorder Author Number of epidemiological Gender Relative risk (95% CI) in smokers
studies in analysis compared to non-smokers
Peptic ulcer Kurata and Nogawa 1997 20 Men and women 2.2 (2.0–2.3)
Crohn’s disease Logan 1990 7 Men and Women 2.4 (2.0–2.9)
Table 34.2 Cohort studies that reported results on peptic ulcer and smoking
Study Country Number Total number Gender Relative risk in current smokers
of subjects of ulcers diagnosed compared to never-smokers (95% CI)
Paffenberger et al. 1974 USA 26 954 487 Men 1.30 (1.07–1.58)
Stemmermann et al. 1989 USA (Hawaii) 5933 326 Men 2.12 (1.60–2.80)
Anda et al. 1990 USA 2851 140 Women 1.8 (1.2–2.6)
Kurata et al. 1992 USA 34 198 154 Men 1.50 (0.47–4.81)
Women 1.48 (0.35–6.24)
Vessey et al. 1992 UK 17 032 175 Women 1.74 (not reported)
Doll et al. 1994 UK 34 439 134* Men 3.00 (not reported)
Johnsen et al. 1994 Norway 6864 165 Men 2.66 (1.88–3.77)
6907 78 Women 2.28 (1.42–3.67)
*Deaths from peptic ulcer.
English et al. 1995 7 Men 2.24 (1.45–3.46)
7 Women 4.76 (3.10–7.31)
Ulcerative colitis Logan 1990 8 Men and women 0.47 (0.39–0.56)
Gallstone disease English et al. 1995 4 Men and women 1.24 (1.16–1.32)