Tobacco and Public Health - TCSC Indonesia

Table 32.6 Effect of exclusion of passive smokers from the control group on the apparent risk of stroke associated with active smoking
Smoking status With passive smokers INCLUDED With passive smokers EXCLUDED
Cases n = 521 Controls n = 1851 Odds ratio* 95% CLs Cases n = 521 Controls n = 1851 Odds ratio* 95% CLs
(%) (%) (%) (%)
Never smoked 31.1 48.7 1.0** – 21.1 35.7 1.0 § –
29.8 36.5 1.82 1.34, 2.49
Current smoker 31.5 13.8 4.14 3.04, 5.63 31.5 13.8 6.33 4.50, 8.91
1–4 per day 5.2 2.1 2.56 1.35, 4.88 5.2 2.1 3.89 2.03, 7.47
5–14 per day 8.1 3.4 4.37 2.61, 7.32 8.1 3.4 6.63 3.89, 11.3
15+ per day 18.2 8.3 4.59 3.17, 6.63 18.2 8.3 7.06 4.75, 10.5
Ex-smoker 33.4 36.2 1.0 0.75, 1.32 13.6 12.7 2.21 1.50, 3.27
10 years 19.8 23.5 0.79 0.57, 2.51
Source: Adapted from Bonita et al. (1999).
*Adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, and history of heart disease.
**Includes never smokers who were passively exposed.
§ Unexposed never smokers and unexposed ex-smokers of more than 10 years’ standing.
Passively exposed never smokers and ex-smokers of more than 10 years’ standing.