LUCIA SAVA, Viaţa cotidiană în oraşul Chişinău la - Asociatia ...

Viaţa cotidiană în oraşul Chişinău la începutul secoului al XX-lea (1900-1918)
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the concepts from other disciplines such as the social psychology and the
human geography. „The history, argued Lamprecht, is primarily a sociopsychological
science”.
His conception of the history was continued by another German scientist,
Otto Hintze, follower of Max Weber, one of the few historians who have
treated the kind of history as required by Lamprecht, evolving beyond Ranke.
Obviously, that Lamprecht’s attempts to break the monopoly of the political
history failed in Germany, but they had significant echoes in the United
States and France. Around 1890, the American historian Frederick Jackson
Turner launched attacks against the traditional history in the same manner:
„It must be taken into the consideration all the spheres of the human activity
... No sector of the social life can be understood in isolation.”
His contemporary, James Harvey Robinson, called also for the new history,
a history of dealing with all human activities and to take the ideas from the
anthropology, the economics, the psychology and the sociology.
In France, 20th years of last century represented a new kind of the historical
period, movement started by two professors at the University of Strasbourg
Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre. Review initiated by them, Annales
d’histoire économique et sociale, criticized the traditional historians. Like their
Germans and Americans predecessors, the two French historians opposed to
the prevalence of political history, which wanted to replace with „a broader
and more human history”, a history that includes all human activities and be
less concerned about the story events further „structural analysis”, commonly
used within the School of Annales’s historians.
As Febvre and Bloch, historians wanted to use their information in the
work of neighboring disciplines: geography, sociology, psychology, anthropology,
etc.., Encouraging the interdisciplinary cooperation and making this
history a position of hegemony among the social sciences.
Trying to define the new directions of the historical research, L. Febvre
argues that each civilization, each level of culture and social categories correspond
to each his own mental equipment, which includes in its structure
both, the educational concepts and the behavior. defined as a „life style”. M.
Bloch’s conception of history is the objective of human being, which must be
studied both as individuals and as a social factor.
Therefore, The Annals School, gathered around the magazine founded by
Marc Bloch, opposes the traditional historiography, which study too deep
the well known events: it was history-treated-and-battles, but was still clearing
a huge expanse of non-occurrence, which limits are difficult to be seen: the
regional history, the mentalities, the safety of insanity or search over time.