LUCIA SAVA, Viaţa cotidiană în oraşul Chişinău la - Asociatia ...

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Viaţa cotidiană în oraşul Chişinău la începutul secoului al XX-lea (1900-1918) 227 premises of public access are listed and trade, concentrated in the central city where there is an urban agglomeration and a market for goods. The entertainment premises (pubs, lounges, cafes) varies according to income and clientele. Here people gather to enjoy a drink and discuss various problems of everyday life and latest news sensation. Between them, taverns were places without access restrictions, communication centers for all walks of life and thus attractive for those who wanted to give a performance there to win money. Here they were craftsmen and merchants reserve table for lunch or to rest after a day’s work. More passionate than the cafes, pubs were a favorite place of confessions, but the injuries. For these reasons, public policy was made, often to the pressure. 2.3 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CIRCULATION The internal and external movements of the city known also changes. Since 1889 the town’s main street was put into service horse tram (konka), replaced later by electric tram. Following the agreement signed on April 2, 1911 between the city and the anonymous Belgian company, new networks are built for movement of trams in the city are set direction and chart their operation. For intercity transport most commonly used means of movement was the train, which extends from early last century. The city already has a railway network and modern locomotives for the period. Although measures have been taken to improve management Chisinau public transport, there are still many unresolved issues. CHAPTER II. URBAN WORLD TRADE. REVENUE AND EXPENSES The world trade was very diverse city of Chisinau and revenue vary by city residents personal property, service, family situation and the economic and social situation. Industry and trade remain the most dynamic economic sectors of the city, boosting local incomes. Analyzing population distribution by field occupations Chisinau, according to the same census (Table 19), noting that much of it was engaged in the clothing industry (9.20%, persons holding permanent occupation and their families), construction and repairs were drilled 3.60% from 3.16% dealt woodworking and metalworking industry - 1.56% of total number of people registered. Less developed were: the fibres processing (0.40%), the chemicals (0.24%), the mineral processing (0.10%).
228 Lucia Sava At the beginning, in Chisinau, the largest industrial center of Bessarabia, 70-80% of artisans were small independent entrepreneurs. Craftsmen situation in Chisinau, registered under the 1897 Census, was as follows: in total 10,150 people were present, including permanent residents of the city without a visa for residence - 8100 individuals, and temporary record for the period of validity of passports – 2 983 people. Among craftsmen were recorded over 100 specializations: male and female clothing tailors, shoemakers, carpenters, sobari, builders, blacksmiths, butchers, bakers, furs, etc. Basarabian cities (including in Chisinau), about half of artisans sewed clothing, while only 10% sewed shoes, while in villages the situation was exactly reversed. Their most assured presence on account of its commercial activities and crafts. According to historian V. Zhukov, small entrepreneurs can be divided, in terms of their relationship to market in three categories. The first type is most craftsmen (tailors, shoemakers, millers, leather, bakers, butchers, etc..), Whose activity was mostly related to specific market on the grounds that they performed their goods here. The second category fell artisans working in the command (masons, builders, plasterers, roofers, etc.).. Less numerous were the third category, which fell craftsmen serving a narrow band of users, enabling also to control (lathe, engravers, painters, giuvaergii, painters of icons). The trade is one of priority branches of city economy. According to testimony historian Nicolae Iorga, merchants are especially Hebrew and Greek, second Bulgarian, Russian. Complete their representatives among the merchants of the petty bourgeoisie, nobles, peasants. The number, increasing the middle class, ethnically diverse, is determined by strengthening industrial and commercial activities in town. It can be divided conventionally into four categories: a) The economic bourgeoisie - industrial, commercial, manufacturing, etc. (which included merchants, manufacturers, bankers, business owners); b) The intellectual bourgeoisie, represented by a fairly wide range of professions (doctors, lawyers, engineers, architects, teachers of all grades, etc.); c) The officials - persons employed in state service; d) The lower middle class - called the lower stratum of the bourgeoisie, which as employed, practiced crafts and retail trade. Chisinau revenues were higher than those obtained in other cities and rural areas of Bessarabia. Raportuui variations between revenue and expenditure have been pursued in the official city leadership, but also the different social categories such as deputies or employees of the administrative system,
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VIAŢA COTIDIANĂ ÎN ORAŞUL CHIŞ
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Lucia SAVA VIAŢA COTIDIANĂ ÎN OR
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CUPRINS Mulţumiri ................
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Viaţa cotidiană în oraşul Chiş
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Editura „Pontos” Str. 31 august
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LUCIA SAVA, Viaţa cotidiană în oraşul Chişinău la - Asociatia ...

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