LUCIA SAVA, Viaţa cotidiană în oraşul Chişinău la - Asociatia ...

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Lucia Sava
At the beginning, in Chisinau, the largest industrial center of Bessarabia,
70-80% of artisans were small independent entrepreneurs. Craftsmen situation
in Chisinau, registered under the 1897 Census, was as follows: in total
10,150 people were present, including permanent residents of the city without
a visa for residence - 8100 individuals, and temporary record for the period of
validity of passports – 2 983 people.
Among craftsmen were recorded over 100 specializations: male and
female clothing tailors, shoemakers, carpenters, sobari, builders, blacksmiths,
butchers, bakers, furs, etc. Basarabian cities (including in Chisinau), about
half of artisans sewed clothing, while only 10% sewed shoes, while in villages
the situation was exactly reversed.
Their most assured presence on account of its commercial activities and
crafts. According to historian V. Zhukov, small entrepreneurs can be divided,
in terms of their relationship to market in three categories. The first type is
most craftsmen (tailors, shoemakers, millers, leather, bakers, butchers, etc..),
Whose activity was mostly related to specific market on the grounds that
they performed their goods here. The second category fell artisans working
in the command (masons, builders, plasterers, roofers, etc.).. Less numerous
were the third category, which fell craftsmen serving a narrow band of users,
enabling also to control (lathe, engravers, painters, giuvaergii, painters of
icons).
The trade is one of priority branches of city economy. According to
testimony historian Nicolae Iorga, merchants are especially Hebrew and
Greek, second Bulgarian, Russian. Complete their representatives among the
merchants of the petty bourgeoisie, nobles, peasants.
The number, increasing the middle class, ethnically diverse, is determined
by strengthening industrial and commercial activities in town. It can be
divided conventionally into four categories:
a) The economic bourgeoisie - industrial, commercial, manufacturing, etc.
(which included merchants, manufacturers, bankers, business owners);
b) The intellectual bourgeoisie, represented by a fairly wide range of professions
(doctors, lawyers, engineers, architects, teachers of all grades, etc.);
c) The officials - persons employed in state service;
d) The lower middle class - called the lower stratum of the bourgeoisie, which as
employed, practiced crafts and retail trade.
Chisinau revenues were higher than those obtained in other cities and
rural areas of Bessarabia. Raportuui variations between revenue and expenditure
have been pursued in the official city leadership, but also the different
social categories such as deputies or employees of the administrative system,