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7- Lawson , Anton and Others (1991) : "Hypothetico – DeductiveReasoning Skill and Concept Acquisition : Testing aconstructivist Hypothesis" , Journal of Research In ScienceTeaching , Vol (28) No. (10).8- Louden, W. et al , (1994) : "Knowing and Teaching Science theConstructivist Paradox" , International Journal of ScienceEducation , 16 (6).9- Mintzes, J. & et al, J.D. (1998) : Teaching Science forunderstanding "A Human Constructivist View" , Educationalpsychology Series , Academic Press, U.S.A.10- Tobin, K & Tippins, D. (1993) : Constructivisism as Referents forTeaching and Learning in Tob, K. in (Ed) the practice ofConstructivism in Science Education , Washington, DC : AAASPress 3-21.11- Trumper , R (1991) : Being constructive : An AlternativeApproach to the Teaching of the Energy concept part 2 ,International Journal of Science Education , 3 (1).12- Webb, N. et al, (1995) : "Constructivist Activity and Learning inCollaborative Small Groupe" , Journal of Educational Psychology, 87 (3).Wheatly , G.H (1991) : "Constructivist Perspective on science andMathematics learning science education" , 75 (1).(א)אאא:http://www.Eric.ed.gov , 22/1/2007http://www.Positivepractices.com/LearningbyDesign/Problem-BasedLearning1996.html , 20/3/2007http://www.Aghandoura.com , 18/1/2007الدكتور:‏ عباس حسن غندورة–‏ أستاذ تعليم الرياضيات،‏ مكة المكرية،‏ جامعة أم القرى،‏‎2007/1/30‎http://megm.gov.sa/almhrr/article.php?id=218 , 15/2/2007وزارة التربية والتعليم السعودية،‏ مركز الإرشاد التربوي بغرب مكة المكرمة،‏ العزيزية،‏ 2007/2/9http://www.kl28.com/books/showbook.php?bID=77&pNo=1,المملكة العربية السعودية ، مجلة كلمات ، ‎2007/3/13‎م.‏113