Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

and generic reference 382, 386
and indefinite status 373, 385
in recurrent time locations 229
and subject complements 378
subjects marked with 129–31
-lAr (3pl.) 32, 34, 87–8, 89, 129–31
-lArI(n) (3pl. poss.) 46–7, 69–70, 171–3, 184
-lAş (d.n.) 58, 145
-lAt (d.n.) 58, 145
lazım, see gerek
-leyin (d.n.) 31, 63, 225
-lI (d.n.) 63–4, 105, 194–5, 209–10
-lIğInA 230
lIK (d.n.) 64–5, 195, 209–10
-lIm (1pl. optative) 89–90
Linking sentence 121, 122–3, 134–5, 192
negation in 121, 290, 313–14, 316
stress in 389
word order in 305, 390, 397–8
see also Subject complement
Loan words 52–3
devoicing in 15
long vowels in 10, 12
prefixation in 67
stress in 27
and vowel harmony 22, 24
vowel sequences in 12
Locative case marker, see -DA
Locative-marked NP 178–9, 215
as adjectival 194, 195–6, 210–11
as adverbial of place 144, 234, 250–1
as adverbial of time 221, 222, 224, 228
as complement 142, 416, 417
Long vowels, see Vowel length
Index 497
M
-m (1sg.) 88
-mA (d.v.) 55
-mA (negative) 77, 95, 310–13
and clitics 37, 116
irregular combinations 79, 80–1
and stress 32, 37, 95
-mA (sub.) 93–5
in converbs 467–9, 474–5, 477, 479, 481, 484
in expressions of necessity 351, 354–5
interchangeability with -DIK/-(y)AcAK and -(y)Iş 428–30
in verbal nouns 351, 354–5, 413, 418–23, 428–30
-mAC (d.v.) 55
-mAcA (d.v.) 55
-mAdAn 32, 95, 477–8