Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

-mAksIzIn (formal): dönmeksizin ‘without returning’
-mAktAn (öte/başka/gayrı): satmaktan öte ‘apart from selling [it]’
-mAktAnsA: bitirmektense ‘rather than finishing [it]’.
-mA This subordinator forms:
(i) Verbal nouns: anlamamamı (iste-) ‘(want) me not to understand’ (24.4.2)
(ii) Converbs: yürümekten başka ‘apart from walking’.
-mA has a converbial function when it occurs in one of the following combinations
(26.2–3), some of which involve postpositions (Chapter 17):
-mAsI (için/halinde/durumunda/yüzünden): öksürmesi halinde ‘in the event of his/her
coughing’
-mAsIndAn (itibaren/önce/sonra/ötürü/başka/dolayı): seçilmesinden önce ‘before s/he
was elected’, istemememizden ötürü ‘because we don’t/didn’t want [it]’
-mAsInA (rağmen/karşın): anlaşmanıza rağmen ‘in spite of your getting along well
together’.
-
(y)An
Turkish: A comprehensive grammar 88
8.5.2 SUBORDINATING SUFFIXES WHICH HAVE A SINGLE
FUNCTION
8.5.2.1 -(y)An and -(y)Iş
This suffix forms participles: okuyan (çocuk) ‘(the child) who studies/is studying’
(25.1.1.1). When it occurs in headless relative clauses (25.3) and pronominalized complex
adjectivals (18.4 (vi)), it can be followed by all of the nominal inflectional suffixes
described in 8.1: okuyanlarımıza ‘to the ones among us who study/are studying’.
Much less productively than in its usage as a participle, -(y)An can be used idiomatically in
informal contexts to express the unexpectedly large number of people involved in a
particular activity. In these cases it is reiterated on identical and adjacent verb stems, and the
second verb has dative case marking: Konsere giden gidene ‘Masses of people went to the
concert’. Şu saçma dergiyi de alan alana! ‘Everyone’s buying this ridiculous magazine!’
-(y)Iş This suffix can combine with the plural marker, possessive suffixes and case suffixes. It
forms verbal nouns: oturuşumu (beğen-) ‘(like) my way of sitting’, konuşuşunuz ‘the way
you talk’ (24.4.4).
8.5.2.2 Subordinating suffixes which only form converbs
The following suffixes form converbs (26.2–3). With the exception of -mlşÇAsInA, none
of these suffixes combine with person markers:
(i) Converbial suffixes containing the negative marker -mA or -mAz
-mAdAn (önce/ evvel): The forms containing -mA are stressed on the syllable
preceding the negative marker (cf. 4.3.2 (viii)), e.g. yıkílmadan ‘before being
demolished’.