Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

(15) Herkes saat ikide burada ol-acak, anlaşıldı mı?
‘Everyone is to be here at two o’clock; is that clear?’
-(A/I)r/-mAz (Aorist)
(i) Imperfective (habitual) aspect (21.3.2)+generalizing modality (21.4.1.1):
(16) Burada çok yağmur yağ-ar.
‘It rains a lot here.’
(17) Para mutluluk getir-mez.
‘Money doesn’t bring happiness.’
(18) Öğrenciler çok kahve iç-er.
‘(The) students drink a lot of coffee.’
(ii) Hypothetical modality (21.4.1.3):
(19) Sen oradaki havayı beğen-mez-sin.
‘You wouldn’t like the atmosphere there.’
(iii) Future tense+non-fact modality (assumption) (21.4.1.4):
(20) Oradan iki saatte gel-ir-siniz.
‘From there you’ll get here in two hours.’
(iv) Volitional modality (21.4.4.5–6):
(21) Bana yardım ed-er misiniz? (Request)
‘Would you [please] help me?’
(22) Bunu kimseye söyle-me-m. (Promise)
‘I won’t tell anyone about this.’
-mAl
(i) Speaker-generated obligation (21.4.2.2):
(23) Artık git-meli-yim.
‘I must go now.’
(ii) Non-fact modality (deduction) (ol- only) (21.4.1.4):
(24) Bu ceket senin ol-malı.
‘This jacket must be yours.’
-sA
(i) Volitional modality (wish) (21.4.4.1):
(25) Daha büyük b ir arabamız ol-sa.
‘If only we had a bigger car.’
Appendix 2 467
-sAm/-sAk
(ii) (1st person forms only, in questions) volitional modality (deliberation) (21.4.4.4):
(26) Bu akşam ne yap-sa-k acaba?
‘What should we do this evening, I wonder?’