Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

daha ‘more’
en ‘most’
pek ‘very’, ‘much’
(bir) hayli
‘very’
fazla(sıyla) ‘too (much)’, ‘excessively’
aşırı (derece de) ‘excessivley’
gayet
‘extremely’
son derece ‘extremely’
yarı ‘half’
epey(i), epeyce
‘quite’
oldukça ‘quite’, ‘fairly’
az ‘not much’
biraz ‘a little’, ‘a bit’, ‘rather’
böyle(sine)/şöyle(sine)/öyle(sine) ‘such’, ‘so’
bu/şu/o kadar/derece/denli ‘such’, ‘so’, ‘so much’
ne kadar ‘how much’, ‘how’
The following examples illustrate the different kinds of modification performed by this
type of adverbial:
(98) Bu dersi biraz zor buldum. (Biraz modifies adjective)
‘I found this lesson rather difficult.’
(99) Bu dersi biraz zor yaptım. (Biraz modifies adverbial)
‘I did this lesson with some difficulty.’
(100) [Bu dersi yaparken] biraz zorlandım. (Biraz modifies verb)
‘I struggled a bit while [doing this lesson].’
Further examples may be found above in 16.2 (ii)–(iv).
As seen in 16.4.1.2, with verbs expressing a process that extends over time, adverbials
of quantity express temporal duration:
(101) Meksika’da az kaldık.
‘We didn’t stay long in Mexico.’
Adverbial constructions 211
Pek and o kadar have a particular affinity with negative sentences. Their uses are
discussed in 20.5.4.2–3.
Other types of adverbials of quantity/degree are:
(i) Postpositional phrases with kadar following a non-case-marked (or genitive)
complement (17.2.1 (iv)).