Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

Recommendations

Info

Exclamations often contain a wh-phrase, such as (19.2): ne ‘what’, ne kadar ‘how (much)’, nasıl ‘how’, or ne biçim ‘what kind (of)’. Exclamations of this kind have the intonation pattern of statements, and are thus distinguishable from questions (5.1). (104) Burası ne güzel bir yer! ‘What a beautiful place this is!’ (105) Ay nasıl güldük! ‘Oh, how we laughed!’ Simple and complex sentences 125 Exclamations can also be expressed with o kadar/öyle(sine)…ki ‘so’ (26.1.2.3) or pek (de): (106) Su o kadar soğuktu ki! ‘The water was so cold!’ (107) Çocuğu öylesine seviyor ki… ‘S/he loves the child so much…’ (108) Pek de tatlı bir oğlunuz varmış! ‘What a sweet son you have!’
Page 2:
TURKISH: A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR Ro
Page 6:
TURKISH: A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR As
Page 10:
CONTENTS Acknowledgements vii Intro
Page 14:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The present book w
Page 18:
BREAK WITH THE OTTOMAN PAST The Tur
Page 22:
language’ (yeni lisan) were defin
Page 26:
Despite its title (which was intend
Page 30:
described in Chapters 24-6 (which f
Page 34:
ABBREVIATIONS ABL ablative case ACC
Page 38:
V.DER verb deriving suffix VN verba
Page 42:
~ indicates syllable boundaries ‘
Page 46:
S, s s as in ‘hiss’ Ş, ş sh a
Page 50:
PART 1 PHONOLOGY: THE SOUND SYSTEM
Page 56:
Turkish: A comprehensive grammar 4
Page 60:
[g] is a voiced velar plosive which
Page 64:
For the pronunciation of ‘ğ’ i
Page 68:
1.1.2.1 Vowels and their allophones
Page 72:
See 1.1.1.1 for the effect of ‘ğ
Page 76:
2 SOUND CHANGE PRODUCED IN THE STEM
Page 80:
Page 84:
Page 88:
atla- ‘jump’ atlayan (jump-PART
Page 92:
vowel and a back vowel can only be
Page 96:
3.4 EXCEPTIONS TO VOWEL HARMONY (i)
Page 100:
4 WORD STRESS The term stress refer
Page 104:
mısír ‘maize’ Mísır ‘Egyp
Page 108:
(ii) When a stressable suffix is ad
Page 112:
(c) The 3rd person plural suffix -l
Page 116:
Stress and the negative suffix The
Page 120:
(2) Dün çocuk-LAR okul-a git-Tİ
Page 124:
Page 130:
PART 2 MORPHOLOGY: THE STRUCTURE OF
Page 136:
Page 140:
Page 144:
Page 148:
Page 152:
Page 156:
-(I)lI A compound of -I (above) and
Page 160:
- (I)ştır (-(I)ş+-DIr (reciproca
Page 164:
(i) creates adjectives (a) from nou
Page 168:
sabahları ‘in the morning(s)’,
Page 172:
- mAn (iii) adjectival phrases from
Page 176:
Page 180:
The forms of the possessive suffix
Page 184:
- ki(n) Turkish: A comprehensive gr
Page 188:
Voice suffixes, the negative marker
Page 192:
Page 196:
-(y)Akal -(y)AcAK (future) -(y)Adur
Page 200:
- (A/I)r/z The aorist suffix is pho
Page 204:
ekle- ‘wait’ → bekliyor ‘s/
Page 208:
- (y)mIş ‘s/he had arrived’. (
Page 212:
(a) When suffixed to a locative-mar
Page 216:
Page 220:
-DIktAn (sonra/başka): aldıktan s
Page 224:
-mAksIzIn (formal): dönmeksizin
Page 228:
9 REDUPLICATION Reduplication is th
Page 232:
(4) Ben adam tarih hocasıymış ma
Page 236:
10 NOUN COMPOUNDS In this chapter w
Page 240:
masa örtü-sü ‘tablecloth’ ç
Page 244:
Page 248: 11 CLITICS Clitics are particles th
Page 252: Zehra’yıysa ‘as for Zehra (ACC
Page 256: (Acaba) geçmiş miyimdir? ‘I won
Page 260: (2) Kağıtları da okuMUŞ mu? ‘
Page 266: 12 SIMPLE AND COMPLEX SENTENCES Fro
Page 270: (9) Ben o sırada öğretmen-di-m.
Page 274: The adverbials, if there are any, a
Page 278: (35) Bugün iş-te ol-abil-ir-di-m.
Page 282: The only exception is the imperativ
Page 286: Simple and complex sentences 119 co
Page 290: ‘Some of them weren’t at home.
Page 294: Simple and complex sentences 123 Co
Page 300: 13 THE VERB PHRASE A verb phrase co
Page 304: anla- ‘understand’, kork- ‘fe
Page 308: (to/into)’. The oblique objects o
Page 312: Turkish: A comprehensive grammar 13
Page 316: 13.2.1.2 Causatives of verbs of emo
Page 324: (57) Aferin! Çabucak giy-in-di-n.
Page 336: 14 THE NOUN PHRASE A noun phrase is
Page 348:
(vi) The addition of -lAr can also
Page 352:
(42) Arkadaş-lar-ınız ne kadar k
Page 356:
Where a plural suffix is present th
Page 360:
Page 364:
‘We’re glad Ayşe’s going to
Page 368:
(a) Certain bare postpositions, e.g
Page 372:
Page 376:
Page 380:
Page 384:
The partitive uses of the genitive-
Page 388:
15 ADJECTIVAL CONSTRUCTIONS, DETERM
Page 392:
15.2.1 FORMING ADJECTIVES BY MEANS
Page 396:
(20) beş metrelik bir kablo ‘a f
Page 400:
15.4.1 GENERAL MODIFICATION 15.4.1.
Page 404:
15.4.3 SUPERLATIVES The superlative
Page 408:
azı/kimi/bir kısım ‘some’,
Page 412:
When the numerals from yüz ‘(one
Page 416:
(73) sekiz bardak su ‘eight glass
Page 420:
Page 424:
Page 428:
Page 432:
16.1.8 POSTPOSITIONAL PHRASES Postp
Page 436:
16.3 MODAL ADVERBIALS Modal adverbi
Page 440:
fixed items, such as şimdi ‘now
Page 444:
Time location on an exact date is e
Page 448:
…önce/ evvel ‘(amount of time)
Page 452:
önce ‘before’ and sonra ‘aft
Page 456:
Recurrent time locations To express
Page 460:
Page 464:
The attachment of the above case ma
Page 468:
(iii) A finite adverbial clause mar
Page 472:
Page 476:
17 POSTPOSITIONAL PHRASES Turkish h
Page 480:
Combinations of gibi with the demon
Page 484:
(28) Bu oda tam sana göre. ‘This
Page 488:
(iii) bu yana ‘since’: This ite
Page 492:
Page 496:
Page 500:
Page 504:
Page 508:
18 PRONOUNS Pronouns are expression
Page 512:
Page 516:
Page 520:
The antecedent can also be a consti
Page 524:
When kendi kendi- is in the dative
Page 528:
Page 532:
(71) Kitabı Zerrin’e verdim. O n
Page 536:
Page 540:
Additionally, they can be modified
Page 544:
(vi) Complex adjectivals formed by
Page 548:
Page 552:
Page 556:
Page 560:
It can also attach to the modifier
Page 564:
(37) Kitabı AhmeT’E mi verdin?
Page 568:
kim can have plural marking when th
Page 572:
‘Where is Patagonia?’ Turkish:
Page 576:
(ii) The degree to which a particul
Page 580:
‘Who was there at the party?’ T
Page 584:
(106) Nereye gidiyorsun? (i) ‘Whe
Page 588:
Page 592:
Page 596:
Page 600:
Page 604:
Page 608:
(58) (Hiç) kimseyi içeri almıyor
Page 612:
(72) [Hiçbir şeyin denize atılma
Page 616:
Page 620:
Page 624:
(iii) The aorist form of the verb o
Page 628:
Habitual: (28) Sen Ömer-i ben-den
Page 632:
(a) Anla-dı-n mı? (Entry into sta
Page 636:
(51) Turkish: A comprehensive gramm
Page 640:
Page 644:
Page 648:
(v) Assumptive use of olması gerek
Page 652:
In future contexts the question of
Page 656:
one of these suffixes is combined w
Page 660:
Page 664:
(ii) -mA-POSS lazım gel- (iii) -mA
Page 668:
show it to me?’ (133a) could be f
Page 672:
Page 676:
‘You’re not going to go there a
Page 680:
(a) Akşama kadar dönerim. (Promis
Page 684:
‘Ayşe may have shown this photog
Page 688:
Page 692:
22 DEFINITENESS, SPECIFICITY AND GE
Page 696:
who-PL-ACC ‘Who do you see (nowad
Page 700:
(c) Korkut’a yeni gömlek aldın
Page 704:
(29) İsterse Ahmet {bir arkadaşı
Page 708:
‘Last winter our house was burgle
Page 712:
The plural generic could be substit
Page 716:
(74) (a) Arka sıra-lar-da öğrenc
Page 720:
Page 724:
(v) Modal adverbials occur either a
Page 728:
the question particle mI, adverbial
Page 732:
Page 736:
Page 740:
strategy of backgrounding is restri
Page 744:
Page 748:
Page 752:
Page 756:
Page 760:
The use of de- ‘say’ followed b
Page 764:
Page 768:
Page 772:
Page 776:
In contrast to sentences containing
Page 780:
A process that facilitates or obstr
Page 784:
Page 788:
Page 792:
Page 796:
Page 800:
Page 804:
Page 808:
25 RELATIVE CLAUSES Relative clause
Page 812:
(a) Where this possessor is part of
Page 816:
Page 820:
(34) [içine [Handan’ın bahçesi
Page 824:
Page 828:
Page 832:
PERFECTIVE/PAST: -mIş FUTURE: -(y)
Page 836:
Page 840:
Page 844:
These ki clauses often do not corre
Page 848:
Page 852:
26.1.2.2 Purpose As in the correspo
Page 856:
Page 860:
Page 864:
Page 868:
(57) [Herkes Nazlı’nın son resi
Page 872:
sleep-LOC go.around-CV as.if ‘For
Page 876:
Page 880:
Page 884:
(106) [Yeni sistemin yürürlüğe
Page 888:
Page 892:
Page 896:
Page 900:
Page 904:
Page 908:
For some speakers, the form -(y)AcA
Page 912:
Page 916:
Page 920:
Page 924:
28 CONJUNCTIONS, CO-ORDINATION AND
Page 928:
Page 932:
Page 936:
Page 940:
ister…ister can occur with olsun
Page 944:
Page 948:
Page 952:
Page 956:
Page 960:
postman. There was a packet that ha
Page 964:
Page 968:
‘sit down (slowly) and get up slo
Page 972:
APPENDIX 1 REDUPLICATED STEMS List
Page 976:
sıkı sımsıkı Appendix 1 464 si
Page 980:
‘Apparently it rained/It seems to
Page 984:
(zero), -(y)In(Iz), -sIn(lAr) (Impe
Page 988:
GLOSSARY OF GRAMMATICAL TERMS ablat
Page 992:
Glossary of grammatical terms 472 c
Page 996:
Glossary of grammatical terms 474 i
Page 1000:
Glossary of grammatical terms 476 p
Page 1004:
Glossary of grammatical terms 478 s
Page 1008:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Ahmet Cevat [Emre] (19
Page 1012:
Bibliography 482 Kelepir, M. (2001)
Page 1016:
INDEX This index is arranged accord
Page 1020:
-(A)r (d.n.) 57 Arabic xxv-vii, xxx
Page 1024:
Index 488 Cause, see Reason adverbi
Page 1028:
Index 490 as complement 121, 142-3,
Page 1032:
Index 492 en (superlative marker) 9
Page 1036:
herkes 285, 372 her ne kadar 505 he
Page 1040:
J juxtaposition 509-10 K -k (1pl.)
Page 1044:
Index 498 -mAdAn (önce) 483-4 made
Page 1048:
Index 500 niçin 28, 303 nitekim 52
Page 1052:
olsun…olsun 518-19 olur 336-7, 34
Page 1056:
non-specific direct object in 378 n
Page 1060:
of adverbial clause 174, 468-70 ani
Page 1064:
ounding harmony 22 Vowel length 12
Page 1068:
-yIm (1sg. optative) 89-90 -(y)In (
show all

Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?