Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

(iii) A finite adverbial clause marked with the subordinator diye (26.1.1.1), or a nonfinite
adverbial clause marked with -DIğI için, -DIğIndAn, etc., meaning ‘because’
(26.3.14).
Examples (i) and (iii) above are strategies for presenting two situations/ events in a
cause-result sequence.
(iv) A number of discourse connectives, all meaning ‘because of this’ or ‘as a result’,
such as onun için, dolayısıyla, bu nedenle, bu yüzden (28.3.6).
(v) The discourse connective çünkü ‘because’ presents an explanation for a situation
already stated (28.3.6), i.e. in a result-cause sequence.
Purpose
Condition
(i) The bare postposition için ‘for’ (17.2.1 (ii)).
(ii) The possessive-marked postposition uğruna ‘for the sake of’ (17.3.2, 17.3.2.1
(ix)).
(iii) A finite adverbial clause containing the subordinator diye (26.1.1.2) or ki
(26.1.2.2) and having optative marking on the verb.
(iv) A non-finite adverbial clause marked with -mAk için, -mAsI için, -mAyA or -
mAk üzere (26.3.12).
(i) A conditional clause marked with -sA or -(y)sA (Chapter 27).
(ii) A finite adverbial clause marked with -DI mI (27.6.2).
(iii) A non-finite adverbial clause marked with -DIğI takdirde or -mAsI
durumunda/halinde (27.6.1).
(iv) The discourse connectives o halde/öyleyse ‘in that case’ (28.3.9 (ii)).
Concession
Turkish: A comprehensive grammar 210
(i) The bare postpositions rağmen/karşın ‘in spite of’, taking ablative-marked
complements (17.2.3).
(ii) Non-finite adverbial clauses marked with -DIğI halde, -mAsInA
rağmen/karşın , -mAk lA birlikte/beraber (26.3.3).
(iii) The discourse connectives bununla birlikte/beraber, buna rağmen/ karşın, all
meaning ‘in spite of this’, ‘nevertheless’ (28.3.4.2).
16.5 ADVERBIALS OF QUANTITY OR DEGREE
The adverbials in this category differ from circumstantial adverbials in that they can
modify adjectives and other adverbials as well as verbs. Some of them, (en, gayet, son
derece, oldukça) in fact, either cannot modify verbs at all, or are very restricted in the
extent to which they can do this.
çok ‘much’, ‘very’, ‘too (much)’