Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

-
mAn
(iii) adjectival phrases from quantitative expressions of the form numeral+noun, which
according to the meaning of this noun can express weight, length, capacity, duration,
value, price, etc.: beş kiloluk ‘weighing five kilos’, üç saatlik ‘three-hour’, iki kişilik
‘suitable for two people’, beş yüz milyon liralık ‘worth five hundred million lira’.
Forms adjectives and nouns with idiosyncratic meanings: sarman ‘ginger’ (used of cats),
toraman ‘sturdy’, katman ‘layer’ (see also -mAn in 7.2.1.1).
-rA Unstressable suffix which attaches to demonstrative pronouns and ne ‘what’, to form locative
pronouns (18.3.1) bura- ‘here’, ora- ‘there’, nere- ‘where’. In some dialects these can appear
on their own, but in standard Turkish they must combine with one of the nominal inflectional
suffixes (the plural suffix, case and person suffixes).
-
sAK
Forms nouns: tümsek ‘mound’, bağırsak ‘intestine’ (see also -sAk in 7.2.1.1).
-sAl A suffix introduced as part of the language reform to replace the Arabic suffix -(v)i, it
attaches to nouns to form adjectives that express the notion of relationship to the concept
denoted by the root noun: tarihsel ‘historic(al)’, yapısal ‘structural’, küresel ‘global’. In rare
cases it also forms nouns: kumsal ‘sandy beach’. See also -sAl in 7.1.1.
-sI Like -(I)msI and -(I)mtrak, this suffix expresses approximation to a particular quality. Added
only to nouns to form adjectives: kadınsı ‘feminine’, çocuksu ‘naïve’.
-sIl Forms adjectives: yoksul ‘poor’, varsıl ‘wealthy’.
-sIz This productive suffix is added to
-
(ş)Ar
Turkish: A comprehensive grammar 62
(i) nouns to form adjectives denoting that the entity described lacks whatever is expressed
by the root: parasız ‘penniless’, ‘free (of charge)’, eşsiz ‘unequalled’, sınırsız
‘unlimited’
(ii) nouns and pronouns to form adverbs denoting the non-involvement in an event of
whatever is
expressed by the root: arabasız ‘without a/the car’, parasız ‘free of charge’, ‘without
paying’, sensiz ‘without you’
(iii) nouns to form nouns (a rare usage): ↓aynasız (slang) ‘police officer’, telsiz ‘wireless’,
‘walkietalkie’, Hamursuz ‘Passover’.
This distributive suffix is added productively to numerals (15.7.3): üçer (kişi) ‘three (people)
each’, onaltışar (kitap) ‘sixteen (books) each’, and to the question word kaç ‘how many’:
kaçar ‘how many each’. When combining with yarım ‘half’, the initial consonant remains:
yarımşar ‘half each’.
-tay Added to nouns to form nouns denoting an institution: Yargıtay ‘Supreme Court’ (see also -
tay in 7.2.1.1).
-tI Added to onomatopoeic stems to form nouns: gıcırtı ‘squeak’, takırtı ‘rattle’, gürültü
‘noise’.
-vari A suffix of Persian origin (pronounced [va:rí:]) but going out of usage: gangstervari
‘gangsterlike’, Amerikanvari ‘American-style’. Both vowels in this suffix are long.
-(v)i An Arabic suffix (pronounced [vi:]) which forms adjectives: milli ‘national’, resmi ‘official’,
hukuki ‘legal’ ananevi ‘traditional’.