Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

-(y)Akal -(y)AcAK (future)
-(y)Adur -(I)yor
(imperfective)
-mAlI (obligative)
-mAktA
(imperfective)
-(y)A optative
The following points should be noted:
(i) Suffixes which are in the same column cannot co-occur on a single stem.
(ii) Finite verbs (except for imperative forms and 3rd person optative forms)
obligatorily contain a suffix from position 3:
(10) Geç-ti-n.
pass-PF-2SG
3
‘You’ve passed.’
(11) Bitir-e-me-miş-tir.
finish-PSB-NEG-PF-GM
1 3 5
‘S/he has probably not been able to finish [it]’.
(12) Oku-yabil-ecek-miş.
read-PSB-FUT-EV.COP
2 3 4
Apparently s/he will be able to read [it].’
(iii) The markers in positions 4–5 can also attach directly to a subject complement, to
değil or to the existential expressions var/yok in nominal sentences (8.3, 12.1.1.2).
(13) Yazın Paris-te-ydi-k.
Paris-LOC-P.COP-1PL
4
‘We were in Paris during the summer.’
(14) Mutlaka zamanı var-dır.
existent-GM
5
‘I’m sure s/he has the time.’
(iv) Non-finite verb forms obligatorily contain a subordinating suffix (8.5), but they can
also contain suffixes from positions 1–2.
(15) otur-abil-mek
sit-PSB-VN
2
‘to be able to sit [down]’
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