Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

Turkish: A comprehensive grammar 212
(ii) Non-finite clauses marked by -(y)AcAk kadar/derecede or -DIğI/ -(y)AcAğI
kadar (26.3.13).
16.6 ADVERBIALS OF RESPECT
A number of strategies are available for indicating the respect in which, or point of view
from which, a statement is regarded as applicable:
(i) The suffix -CA (16.1.6 (v)) is in restricted use for this purpose:
(102) Kağan yaşça küçük ama vücutça büyüktü.
‘Kağan was small in terms of age, but big in terms of physical size.’
(ii) A variety of expressions and constructions incorporating the nouns bakım ‘view’, açı
‘angle’ or yön ‘direction’ are in much more common use:
(103) Bir bakıma [Ali’nin geç gelmesi] iyi oldu.
‘In a way it was good [that Ali was late].’
(104) O yönden/O açıdan en büyük başarılarımızda n biriydi.
‘From that point of view it was one of our gratest achievements.’
The forms açısından and bakımından are possessive-marked postpositions (see 17.3.2
and example (88) there).
(iii) The bare postposition yana (with ablative-marked complement, 17.2.3 (viii)) can
be used in the same sense as açısından and bakımından, but is far less common.
16.7 EXCLUSIVE ADVERBIALS
The following are all used in the sense of ‘only’: yalnız, ancak, sade(ce), sırf, salt, bir
(tek). They restrict the applicability of what is being said to the focused constituent of a
sentence (23.3.1). An exclusive adverbial is usually placed immediately before the
focused constituent, which is typically either a noun phrase or a circumstantial adverbial.
(105) Mektubu yalnız/bir tek Mustafa’YA göstermiştim.
‘I had shown the letter only to Mustafa.’
(106) Ancak/yalnız/sadece iKİ defa geldiler.
‘They came only twice.’
(107) Sırf [üstünlüğünü kanıtlaMAK] amacıyla yapıyor bunları.
‘He’s doing all this [merely in an effort to prove his superiority].’
bir, tek and bir tek are used mainly with pronouns or proper nouns, where no possibility
of ambiguity with the determiner or numeral senses of bir (‘a(n)’, ‘one’,) or the adjectival
sense of tek ‘single’ arises. It is confined to informal styles:
(108) Bunun sırrını bir (tek) SEN biliyorsun.
‘Only you know the secret of this.’