Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

Berna husband-3SG.POSS-ABL separate-PF-P.COP
‘Berna had separated from her husband.’
16.1.6 NOUN OR ADJECTIVE SUFFIXED WITH -CA
For an overview of the functions of the unstressable suffix -CA (and its colloquial
alternative -CAK (iii)) see 7.2.2.2. Here we illustrate the various adverbial meanings
which -CA formations can express.
(i) Manner:
(11) Yavaş-ça Jale’nin koluna dokundu.
gentle-ADV
‘S/he gently touched Jale’s arm.’
(12) Osman çocukça davranıyor.
‘Osman is behaving childishly.’
(13) Şarkıyı Fransızca söyledi.
‘She sang the song in French.’
(ii) Long duration:
(14) Bu mektubu haftalarca beklemiştik.
‘We had waited weeks for this letter.’
(iii) The collective or institutional agent of a passive verb (13.2.2.2):
(15) Yunus Emre [Türk halkınca sevilen] bir şairdir.
‘Yunus Emre is a poet [loved by the Turkish people].’
(iv) Collective involvement in an action or state:
(16) Onlar herşeyi ailece yaparlar.
‘They do everything as a family.’
(v) The respect in which a description is applicable:
(17) Babası dünyaca meşhur bir ressamdı.
‘His/Her father was a world-famous painter.’
(vi) The viewpoint of a person:
Adverbial constructions 191
(18) Bence endişelenecek bir şey yok.
‘In my view there’s nothing to worry about.’
16.1.7 NOUN PHRASE SUFFIXED WITH -DIr
This type of adverbial structure occurs only with noun phrases denoting a period of time
(see 16.4.1.2 (iiib)).