Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

Turkish: A comprehensive grammar 384
(21) [Fatma-nın doku-duğ-u] halı
Fatma-GEN weave-PART-3SG.POSS rug
‘the rug [that Fatma is/was weaving/wove/has woven]’
Temporal adverbs (such as dün ‘yesterday’, şu anda ‘at the moment’) are used in
contexts where an explicit differentiation between past and present is necessary. See 25.4
for a more detailed description of the tense and aspectual properties of relative clauses.
Clauses with -DIK and -(y)AcAK have the structure of genitive-possessive
constructions (14.4), i.e. the participle has possessive marking agreeing with the subject,
and the subject, if separately expressed by a noun phrase, as in (20) and (21) above, is in
the genitive case. For the conditions under which the subject of a clause may be omitted
see 18.1.5.
-DIK and -(y)AcAK are used in the following circumstances:
(i) In clauses where the relativized constituent is the direct object of the verb in the
relative clause:
(22) [bil-diğ-im] bir turizm şirketi (cf. Bir turizm şirketi biliyorum.)
know-PART-1SG.POSS a tourism agency
‘a tourist agency [(that) I know]’
(23) [gönderecekleri] temsilci (cf. Bir temsilci gönderecekler.)
‘the representative [(whom) they will send]’
(ii) In clauses where the relativized constituent is the oblique object or the adverbial
modifier of the verb in the relative clause (see 13.1.2.2 and 13.1.3):
(24) [benim korktuğum] bazı hayvanlar (cf. Bazı hayvanlardan korkuyorum.)
‘some animals [of which I am/was afraid]’
(25) [Turhan-ın et-i kes-eceğ-i] bıçak (cf. Turhan eti bıçakla kesecek.)
Turhan-GEN meat-ACC cut-PART-3SG.POSS knife
‘the knife [with which Turhan will/would cut the meat]’
In this construction type, where the relativized constituent refers to a human being and is
in the 3rd person (as in the case of birisi ‘someone’ and kişiler ‘people’ in the examples
below), a resumptive pronoun (kendisi in the case of 3rd person singular and kendileri in
the case of 3rd person plural, see 18.1.2.2 (iv)) can appear in the relative clause. Kendisi
and kendileri carry the case marker or the postposition that the relativized constituent
would be associated with in a corresponding finite clause:
(26) [Erol-un] (kendi-si-yle) konuş-abil-eceğ-i birisi (cf. Erol öyle birisiyle
konuşabilir.)
Erol-GEN kendi-3SG.POSS-COM talk-PSB-PART-3SG.POSS someone
‘someone [with whom Erol can/could/would be able to talk]’
(27) [(bizim) (kendilerinden) nefret ettiğimiz] kişiler (cf. Biz öyle kişilerden
nefret ediyoruz.)
‘the people [whom we hate/hated]’
(iii) In clauses where the relativized constituent is the possessor (14.4) of some
constituent of the relative clause other than its subject, as exemplified below:
The direct object: