Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

Turkish: A comprehensive grammar 406
However, in the case of purpose clauses expressed with -mAk için/üzere (26.3.12), some
speakers use a noun phrase occurring in a non-subject role in the superordinate clause as
the understood subject:
(34) Çocuğ-a [dondurma al-mak için] para ver-di-k.
child-DAT ice.cream buy-CV for money give-PF-1PL
‘We gave the child money [to buy an ice cream].’
(ii) Converbs formed with -mAsI için, also expressing purpose, are used with a subject
different from that of the superordinate verb. The personmarked converb as in (35) would
therefore be an acceptable alternative in (34) but not in (33):
(35) Çocuğ-a [dondurma al-ma-sı için] para ver-di-k.
‘We gave the child money [for him/her to buy an ice cream].’
(iii) The use of the conjunctive converb -(y)Ip (26.3.5, 28.2) with a subject different from
that of the superordinate clause is possible but relatively unusual.
(iv) The manner converbs -(y)A…-(y)A and -(y)ArAk (26.3.8) similarly do not often
occur with a subject different from that of the superordinate verb. Where they do, it is
usually in contexts where the subject of the adverbial clause is marked by a possessive
suffix referring to the subject of the superordinate clause:
(36) [Palto-su-nun etek-ler-i yer-ler-e sürün-erek] yürüyordu.
coat-3SG.POSS-GE N skirt-PL-3SG.POSS ground-PL-DAT trail-CV
‘S/he was walking [with the tail of his/her coat trailing along the ground].’
Where the subject of a non-finite adverbial clause is the same as that of the superordinate
clause, it does not receive separate overt expression (18.1.5):
(37) Ahmet [yeni eve geçtikten sonra] daha rahat olacak.
‘Ahmet will be more comfortable [after moving/after he moves to the new
house].’
Note that where an adverbial clause contains no overt subject there is potential for
ambiguity. Thus in (37) the adverbial clause could also mean ‘…[after we/you/they
move…]’.
26.2.3 TENSE AND ASPECT MARKING IN NON-FINITE
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
The extent to which tense and aspect are marked in non-finite adverbial clauses varies
from one type to another. For example, such marking is far less usual in clauses of
manner and time than in clauses expressing concession or reason.
Any tense marking in non-finite adverbial clauses is interpreted in the light of the
semantic relationship between the subordinate and superordinate clauses. It may be
relative either to the time of utterance or to some other point in time.
Four different kinds of tense/aspect marking occur:
(i) Adverbial clauses can be marked for relative tense or for aspect by the use of
compound verb forms incorporating the auxiliary ol- (13.3.1.2). (For a full discussion of