Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar

26.3.7 INFORMATION BASE FOR AN UTTERANCE
The forms -DIğInA/-(y)AcAğInA göre ‘since’, ‘in view of the fact that’ have a function
somewhat similar to that of madem(ki) (26.1.3), in that they express the information upon
which the utterance contained in the main clause is based. The main clause can express
the following types of utterance:
A deduction:
(61) [Ali Antalya’ya gitmek istemediğine göre] başka bir planı var demek.
‘[Since Ali doesn’t want to go to Antalya], that means he’s got some other plan.’
A modalized utterance (21.4):
A question:
Adverbial clauses 411
(62) [Ali Antalya’ya gitmek istemediğine göre] başka bir yer düşünmeliyiz.
‘[In view of the fact that Ali doesn’t want to go to Antalaya], we’ll have to think
of somewhere else.’
(63) [Bayramda ofis kapalı olacağına göre] sen bu işi nasıl bitireceksin?
‘[As the office will be closed during the public holiday], how are you going to
finish this job?’
26.3.8 MANNER
Converbs expressing the manner of an action may be divided into four groups:
(i) -(y)ArAk and -(y)A…-(y)A express manner directly, in terms of an accompanying
action or state:
(64) Çocuklar [koşarak] içeri girdiler.
‘The children came in [running].’
The construction -(y)A…-(y)A occurs either with identical verb stems or different ones
(8.5.2.2). Its use is less widespread than that of -(y)ArAk, and its meaning is more
emphatic, stressing the continuous or repeated nature of the action it expresses. The
forms involving two different verb stems are for the most part lexicalized pairs.
(65) Genç kadın [ağlaya ağlaya] hikaye sini anlattı.
‘The young woman wept continually as she told her story.’ (lit. ‘told her story,
[weeping continually]’)
(66) Adam [ite kaka] öne geçmeye çalışıyordu.
‘[Pushing and shoving], the man was trying to get to the front.’
(ii) The forms -(A/I)r gibi, -(A/I)rcAsInA, -mIş gibi and -mIşçAsInA ‘as if’ express
manner by evoking similarity with another, purely imagined action by the same subject,
or by suggesting an underlying motivation or emotion. These forms produce clauses that
have the same function as the finite gibi clauses discussed in 26.1.5, and like them can be
reinforced by sanki ‘as if’:
(67) [(Sanki) uyku-da gezer gibi] dolaştım birkaç gün.