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Management of Commercially Generated Radioactive Waste - U.S. ...

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Response<br />

126<br />

DOSE CALCULATIONS<br />

The statement should read, "The dose to the maximum individual for rail and truck ship-<br />

ments is comparable as are the population doses attributed to each transport mode."<br />

Issue<br />

The several appendices which support the long-term impact assessment need to be coor-<br />

dinated so that their results are directly comparable. Some cumulative doses are for<br />

50 years, some for 70 years. Different times are referenced. The total picture is confus-<br />

ing and leaves many questions about the internal consistency <strong>of</strong> the supporting calculations.<br />

(208-NRC)<br />

Response<br />

The problem is due to computer models availability. Differences in doses caused by the<br />

parameters used in the computer models are discussed in the final Statement.<br />

Issue<br />

One commenter stated that background radiation and doses from waste disposal analyses<br />

are in different units throughout the report. (13)<br />

Response<br />

It is believed that the analysis is best served by using different doses for different<br />

purposes. Accident doses are <strong>of</strong>ten given in rem/yr to the maximum individual with emphasis<br />

on the first-year dose where it is believed that such a dose could have acute effects.<br />

Population doses are expressed in man-rem, being the sum <strong>of</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> people receiving<br />

a given dose over the population <strong>of</strong> interest. The use <strong>of</strong> natural background is to provide<br />

perspective to the doses tabulated.<br />

Issue<br />

There are substantial problems in the calculation <strong>of</strong> radiation doses and health effects<br />

to the public. The time-integrated population dose is frequently neglected. Furthermore,<br />

population doses are not always expressed as fatal, non-fatal, and genetic health effects;<br />

we think that they should be.<br />

The Draft EIS appears to indicate that the major hazards occur in the first few hundred<br />

years while 90 Sr and 137Cs are present. As a result, long-lived nuclides, such as 99 Tc<br />

and 129I, are neglected despite the fact that they can be geochemically mobile under some<br />

circumstances. (113-EPA)

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