Management of Commercially Generated Radioactive Waste - U.S. ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Reactors Waste Sources LWR Fuel Cycles Waste Mixes * Production, propulsion I Domestic civilian and research - * U + Pu Recycle Cases * Spent fuel assemblies or rods 6.7 * Domestic defense * LMFBR .Once-through cycle (LWR)I * High-level waste from Purex process * Foreign * CANDU * Magnox * Pebble bed Waste Forms * Spent fuel assemblies or rods * Borosilicate glass Transport Geoloic Medium Site Arrangement * Metal matrix I Rai Crystalline SSuper calcine * Truck -- Salt * Multiple holes per site *.Coated particles * Ship/barge * Sedimentary * Single hole per site * Refractory compounds * Aircraft (other than salt) * Calcine e Others Very Deep Hole Hole Type Hole Excavation Down-hole Status S* Single vertical hole *I Rotary drilling * Shaft * Shaft sinking I* Full casing I* Drilling mud filled * Single hole with multiple branches * Big hole drilling * Partial casing * High viscosity fluid filled * Shaft/hole combination * Blind hole boring * No casing * Water filled * Single hole with leached or under- * Combination * Dry reamed cavity Emplacement Method Hole Sealing Note: Option Classifications * Controlled lowering * Downhole seals separating waste I*Current Reference I * Free fall * Multiple seals above waste *Primary Alternative e Controlled pushing * Single seal above waste * Secondary Alternative * Single seal plus backfilling FIGURE 6.1.1. Major Options for Very Deep Hole Disposal of Nuclear Waste
6.8 Recycle Geologic Facilitie UF6 Hulls and Repository Sand Other TRU PuO2 Wastes Reauctor e F Reprocessing Note: Lines between boxes denote waste transportation between facilities SpentI Fuel Facility - - 1 To- S To I r Either I Very Deep Hole e at Spent Fuel Fuel - Assemblies S Either Reprocessing I or I I Spent Fuel I HLW or Spent IFuel i Drilling Waste Emplacement Hole Sealing Packaging I (See Expansion Reactor ----- J Spent Fuel Below) Spent Assembly Fuel Packaging Facility HLW from Fuel Reprocessing Facility or Spent Fuel Assemblies FUEL CYCLE DIAGRAM - VERY DEEP HOLE DISPOSAL SReturn Failed SCanisters for Repackaging SPlace in Temporary Package Waste from P/E Facility in Load in Special Shipping Cask and Storage in VDH Site Central Receiving Inspect and Decontaminate Canisters VDH Canister Ship to VDH Site Facility Load into On- Transfer to Emplace- Emplace Canisters Seal Very Monitor Waste site Canister ment Fcilityat in Very Deep Hole Deep Hole Canister Conditions Transporter Very Deep Hole Drill Very Deep I Install Plugs Between Hole and Set up Groups of Canisters Emplacement Facility PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM - VDH DISPOSAL FIGURE 6.1.2. Waste Management System--VDH Disposal
Page 1 and 2:
FINAL DOE/EIS-0046F Volume 1 of 3 U
Page 3 and 4:
* Development of conventionally min
Page 5 and 6:
vi Locations of DOE Regional Office
Page 7 and 8:
viii CONTENTS (contd) 1.6.3 Acciden
Page 9 and 10:
CONTENTS (contd) REFERENCES FOR SEC
Page 11 and 12:
xii CONTENTS (contd) 4.4.3.1 Vault
Page 13 and 14:
xiv CONTENTS (contd) 4.9.3 Detailed
Page 15 and 16:
xvi CONTENTS (contd) 5.3.3 Effect o
Page 17 and 18:
xviii CONTENTS (contd) 6.1.2 Rock M
Page 19 and 20:
XX CONTENTS (contd) 6.2.1.2 Very De
Page 21 and 22:
xxii CONTENTS (contd) 6.2.5.5 Islan
Page 23 and 24:
xxiv FIGURES (contd) 4.3.10 Process
Page 25 and 26:
xxvi VOLUME 1 TABLES 1.1.1 Total Sp
Page 27 and 28:
xxviii TABLES (contd) 4.7.7 Dose to
Page 29 and 30:
XXX TABLES (contd) 5.4.20 Selected
Page 31 and 32:
xxxii TABLES (contd) 6.1.20 Estimat
Page 33 and 34:
xxxiv TABLES (contd) 7.4.2 Comparis
Page 35 and 36:
1.2 The DOE is proposing a program
Page 37 and 38:
106 ---- - 104 104 : 10 Ce- S - \ -
Page 39 and 40:
1.2 THE PROGRAMMATIC ALTERNATIVES 1
Page 41 and 42:
ELEVATOR SHAFT FOR SPENT FUEL OR FU
Page 43 and 44:
1.10 Once licensing approvals are o
Page 45 and 46:
1.12 example, a large labor force b
Page 47 and 48:
1.14 water transport to the biosphe
Page 49 and 50:
1.16 .1.4 ALTERNATIVE ACTION--BALAN
Page 51 and 52:
1.18 1.4.5 Ice Sheet Disposal Conce
Page 53 and 54:
1.20 Space disposal is of interest
Page 55 and 56:
1.6 PREDISPOSAL SYSTEMS(a) 1.22 Aft
Page 57 and 58:
1.24 1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF P
Page 59 and 60:
1.26 1.7.1 System Radiological Impa
Page 61 and 62:
1.28 TABLE 1.7.5. Comparison of Hea
Page 63 and 64:
1.30 alternative program. The range
Page 65 and 66:
1.32 * Resource commitments also in
Page 67 and 68:
REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 1 1.34 Code
Page 69 and 70:
PLUTONIUM-URANIUM FUELFABRICATION 2
Page 71 and 72:
2.4 With regard to receipt and stor
Page 73 and 74:
Plan, including a summary of the pu
Page 75 and 76:
2.8 The main body of the text (Volu
Page 77 and 78:
2.10 2.3 OTHER DECISIONS CONCERNING
Page 79 and 80:
2.12 The second major decision proc
Page 81 and 82:
2.14 Using a general conceptual des
Page 83 and 84:
3.1 CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF PROGRA
Page 85 and 86:
3.3 The Interagency Review Group (I
Page 87 and 88:
3.5 3.1.2 Alternative Action--Paral
Page 89 and 90:
3.2 BASES FOR THE ANALYSIS 3.7 A nu
Page 91 and 92:
3.9 ENRICHED NUER WATER BASIN SPENT
Page 93 and 94:
3.11 wastes also result. These are
Page 95 and 96:
500 400 300 5 200 -_J 100 - 3.13 CA
Page 97 and 98:
3.15 3.2.4 Ecological and Atmospher
Page 99 and 100:
3.17 nue impacts can be provided in
Page 101 and 102:
3.19 quencies, source terms can be
Page 103 and 104:
3.21 ownership. The constant dollar
Page 105 and 106:
3.23 quences to the public followin
Page 107 and 108:
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 3.2 3.25 Cla
Page 109 and 110:
3.3.1.1 Cosmic Radiation 3.27 Cosmi
Page 111 and 112:
3.29 surfaces, and 25 mrem/yr to bo
Page 113 and 114:
3.31 Part 20 of the Code of Federal
Page 115 and 116:
3.33 finding and listed radionuclid
Page 117 and 118:
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 3.3 3.35 Tit
Page 119 and 120:
3.37 One such hazard index is based
Page 121 and 122:
3.39 Since long-term repository con
Page 123 and 124:
3.41 those data that can reasonably
Page 125 and 126:
3.5 NONTECHNICAL ISSUES 3.43 Many o
Page 127 and 128:
3.45 the repository. Some feel that
Page 129 and 130:
3.47 cooperative agreement with the
Page 131 and 132:
3.49 Inspection, the regular checki
Page 133 and 134:
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 3.5 3.51 Cod
Page 135 and 136:
SPENT AT REACTOR AWAY FROM FUEL STO
Page 137 and 138:
4.4 4.1.2 Predisposal System for th
Page 139 and 140:
4.6 TABLE 4.1.3. Example Predisposa
Page 141 and 142:
ONCE-THROUGH CYCLE SPENT FUEL STORA
Page 143 and 144:
4.10 TABLE 4.2.1. Classification of
Page 145 and 146:
4.12 BWR fuel models that account f
Page 147 and 148:
TABLE 4.2.3. Selected Radionuclide
Page 149 and 150:
4.16 TABLE 4.2.5. Selected Radionuc
Page 151 and 152:
4.18 ENCAPSULATION SPENT FUEL WATER
Page 153 and 154:
4.20 Combustible wastes produced du
Page 155 and 156:
4.22 methods described in Chapter 6
Page 157 and 158:
4.24 1) vitrification by in-can mel
Page 159 and 160:
4.26 Some partitioning options may
Page 161 and 162:
4.28 wells. The 90 Sr leach rate de
Page 163 and 164:
4.30 Another synthetic mineral conc
Page 165 and 166:
4.32 Center has been set up to prov
Page 167 and 168:
4.34 FUEL ASSEMBLY SHEAR RETRIEVE U
Page 169 and 170:
4.36 may be contact-handled. The qu
Page 171 and 172:
4.38 4.3.3.4 Immobilization of Wet
Page 173 and 174:
HEPA FILTER 4.40 CHARCOAL FILTER -
Page 175 and 176:
4.3.4.2 Gaseous Radionuclide Recove
Page 177 and 178:
4.44 treatment options at an FRP an
Page 179 and 180:
4.46 TABLE 4.3.2. Estimated Quantit
Page 181 and 182:
4.48 Harries, B. R. et al. 1979. De
Page 183 and 184:
4.50 U.S. Energy Research and Devel
Page 185 and 186:
4.52 4.4.1.1 Water Basin Storage of
Page 187 and 188:
4.54. The exhaust air is monitored
Page 189 and 190:
4.56 but double-walled tanks have b
Page 191 and 192:
4.58 The storage yard is monitored
Page 193 and 194:
4.60 A similar approach was examine
Page 195 and 196:
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 4.4 4.62 Atl
Page 197 and 198:
4.64 These existing casks were desi
Page 199 and 200:
4.5.3.1 Fuel Residue Transport 4.66
Page 201 and 202:
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 4.5 4.68 Per
Page 203 and 204:
4.70 flanges, and disconnecting ele
Page 205 and 206:
TABLE 4.6.1. Volumes and Radionucli
Page 207 and 208:
TABLE 4.6.3. Radionuclides Released
Page 209 and 210:
4.76 4.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF P
Page 211 and 212:
4.78 4.7.1.2 Nonradiological Efflue
Page 213 and 214:
4.80 The expected socioeconomic imp
Page 215 and 216:
TABLE 4.7.5. Resource Commitments f
Page 217 and 218:
4.84 (those to which nearly all wor
Page 219 and 220:
4.86 TABLE 4.7.8. Example Reprocess
Page 221 and 222:
4.88 TABLE 4.7.9. Selected Social S
Page 223 and 224:
4.90 4.8 ACCIDENT IMPACTS FOR PREDI
Page 225 and 226:
4.92 Severe accidents resulting fro
Page 227 and 228:
4.94 with a colocated spent fuel pa
Page 229 and 230:
4.96 such as blowers, pumps, etc. T
Page 231 and 232:
4.98 occur once per year due to imp
Page 233 and 234:
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 4.8 Code of
Page 235 and 236:
TABLE 4.9.1. Unit Costs of Predispo
Page 237 and 238:
TABLE 4.9.2. Unit Costs of Predispo
Page 239 and 240:
4.106 TABLE 4.9.3. Predisposal Unit
Page 241 and 242:
4.108 $109/kg HM, which is comparab
Page 243 and 244:
4.110 TABLE 4.9.7 Subsystems(a) Was
Page 245 and 246:
4.112 4.10 SAFEGUARDS INCLUDING PHY
Page 247 and 248:
4.114 1976). It is assumed that one
Page 249 and 250:
4.116 The physical protection requi
Page 251 and 252:
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 4.10 4.118 C
Page 253 and 254:
5.2 This section provides an overvi
Page 255 and 256:
5.4 breakdown into component minera
Page 257 and 258:
5.6 geologic setting may require ex
Page 259 and 260:
5.8 releases so that substantial nu
Page 261 and 262:
Hole Sleeve 5.10 The function of ho
Page 263 and 264:
5.12 integral part of this plan is
Page 265 and 266:
5.2 STATUS OF TECHNOLOGY AND R&D 5.
Page 267 and 268:
5.16 Gravity analysis can detect sm
Page 269 and 270:
5.18 (Witherspoon 1977). Pulse inje
Page 271 and 272:
5.20 Potentially active faults can
Page 273 and 274:
5.22 release rate of the nuclides.
Page 275 and 276:
5.24 5.2.3.1 Excavation and Undergr
Page 277 and 278:
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 5.2 5.26 Alg
Page 279 and 280:
5.28 Office of Nuclear Waste Manage
Page 281 and 282:
5.30 TABLE 5.3.1. Conceptual Reposi
Page 283 and 284:
BLDG EXCLUSION ZONE AGRICULTURAL FE
Page 285 and 286:
5.34 areas occupy 650 to 730 ha, wi
Page 287 and 288:
5.36 emplacement. Beyond this initi
Page 289 and 290:
5.38 In the case of reprocessing cy
Page 291 and 292:
5.40 sealed in an appropriately siz
Page 293 and 294:
5.3.2.5 Retrievability 5.42 These c
Page 295 and 296:
5.44 erations permit, as opposed to
Page 297 and 298:
5.46 5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS RELA
Page 299 and 300:
and no significant impacts are expe
Page 301 and 302:
5.50 3 TABLE 5.4.6. Particulate Con
Page 303 and 304:
5.52 5.4.3 Radiological Effects The
Page 305 and 306:
5.54 chlorosis of young trifoliate
Page 307 and 308:
5.56 the environment. Discharge of
Page 309 and 310:
5.58 of wastes, placement of waste
Page 311 and 312:
5.60 TABLE 5.4.15 Total Quantities
Page 313 and 314:
5.62 TABLE 5.4.16 Estimated Manpowe
Page 315 and 316:
5.64 TABLE 5.4.18. Selected Expecte
Page 317 and 318:
5.66 5.4.6.6 Environmental Effects
Page 319 and 320:
5.68 The 70-yr worldwide population
Page 321 and 322:
5.70 The spoils piles could have an
Page 323 and 324:
5.72 5.5 LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL CO
Page 325 and 326:
5.74 Fuel Reprocessing Waste Spent
Page 327 and 328:
5.76 TABLE 5.5.1. First-Year Whole-
Page 329 and 330:
5.78 The population dose from a met
Page 331 and 332:
5.80 be from 4 x 10 - 3 to 3 x 10 -
Page 333 and 334:
5.82 Seventy-year whole-body dose c
Page 335 and 336:
5.84 Dilution Dilution Element Fact
Page 337 and 338:
5.86 this conversion, a regional po
Page 339 and 340:
5.88 probability that the drill (0.
Page 341 and 342:
5.90 a few years. For purposes of t
Page 343 and 344:
5.92 dose commitments are less than
Page 345 and 346:
5.6 COST OF GEOLOGIC DISPOSAL 5.94
Page 347 and 348:
5.96 kilogram of disposal in a basa
Page 349 and 350:
5.98 5.6.5 Comparison with Other Co
Page 351 and 352:
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 5.6 5.100 Be
Page 353 and 354:
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 5.7 5.102 Co
Page 355 and 356:
5.104 5.9 SHORT-TERM USES OF THE EN
Page 357 and 358:
6.1 Chapter 6 ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS
Page 359 and 360:
6.3 Concept Summary. The concept su
Page 361 and 362:
mined geologic repository, are not
Page 363 and 364:
Reactors Waste Sources LWR Fuel Cyc
Page 365 and 366:
6.1.1.2 System and Facility Descrip
Page 367 and 368:
6.11 bridge crane would remove the
Page 369 and 370:
6.13 For oil field rotary drilling,
Page 371 and 372:
6.15 diameter of approximately 48 c
Page 373 and 374:
6.17 * An improved understanding of
Page 375 and 376:
Health Impacts 6.19 Radiological Ef
Page 377 and 378:
6.21 The occupational hazards durin
Page 379 and 380:
Resource Consumption 6.23 The consu
Page 381 and 382:
6.25 evaluated only on the basis of
Page 383 and 384:
6.1.1.7 Safeguards 6.27 As noted, t
Page 385 and 386:
I* LWR Reactors 6.29 Waste Sources
Page 387 and 388:
Spent and 6.31 Recycle Facilities N
Page 389 and 390:
6.33 Drilling/Mining System. The re
Page 391 and 392:
6.35 cause of the limited time, the
Page 393 and 394:
6.37 are identical with those used
Page 395 and 396:
6.39 Fracturing During Cooling. Dur
Page 397 and 398:
6.41 Implementation Time and Estima
Page 399 and 400:
6.43 TABLE 6.1.8. Occupational Dose
Page 401 and 402:
6.45 TABLE 6.1.9. Estimated Energy
Page 403 and 404:
6.47 radioactivity transport, movem
Page 405 and 406:
6.49 Various options to be consider
Page 407 and 408:
Reactor 6.51 Recycle Facilities Spe
Page 409 and 410:
6.53 Repository Facility. The layou
Page 411 and 412:
6.55 * Development of criteria for
Page 413 and 414:
6.57 species that recolonize an isl
Page 415 and 416:
6.59 Radionuclides might be sorbed
Page 417 and 418:
6.61 Quantitative estimates of thes
Page 419 and 420:
6.1.4.2 System and Facility Descrip
Page 421 and 422:
6.65 RH-TRU and other Recycle TRU w
Page 423 and 424:
6.67 Canisters HLW 2,380 Cladding H
Page 425 and 426:
6.69 Waste Form. The waste form and
Page 427 and 428:
6.71 Transportation. Transportation
Page 429 and 430:
6.73 TABLE 6.1.11. Radiological Imp
Page 431 and 432:
Socioeconomic Impacts 6.75 Because
Page 433 and 434:
6.77 wastes (Deese 1976). This trea
Page 435 and 436:
6.79 In each case, only those costs
Page 437 and 438:
6.81 total costs are estimated to b
Page 439 and 440:
Waste Sources Reactors Fuel Cycles
Page 441 and 442:
Reactor Spent 6.85 M i n ed Recycle
Page 443 and 444:
6.87 It appears possible, as an alt
Page 445 and 446:
6.89 deployment of the concept desi
Page 447 and 448:
6.91 * The capability for correctiv
Page 449 and 450:
6.93 Other possible land impacts co
Page 451 and 452:
6.95 6.1.5.5 Potential Impacts over
Page 453 and 454:
6.97 described for the mined geolog
Page 455 and 456:
6.99 TABLE 6.1.18. Operating Costs
Page 457 and 458:
6.101 Isolation from the biosphere
Page 459 and 460:
6.103 S Fuel R e farication Note: L
Page 461 and 462:
6.105 would permit different isolat
Page 463 and 464:
6.107 Shale deposits in the United
Page 465 and 466:
6.109 Waste Preparation Technology.
Page 467 and 468:
6.111 to shallow ground water or to
Page 469 and 470:
6.113 may be conveniently divided i
Page 471 and 472:
6.115 repositories (Section 5.5) an
Page 473 and 474:
6.117 The geologic formation in whi
Page 475 and 476:
6.1.7.1 Concept Summary 6.119 6.1.7
Page 477 and 478:
The cycle continues by: 6.121 Spent
Page 479 and 480:
6.123 6.1.7.3 Status of Technical D
Page 481 and 482:
Implementation Time 6.125 The long
Page 483 and 484:
6.127 TABLE 6.1.21. Annual Routine
Page 485 and 486:
6.129 TABLE 6.1.25. Transportation
Page 487 and 488:
Socioeconomic Impacts 6.131 Socioec
Page 489 and 490:
6.133 Results of a long-term risk c
Page 491 and 492:
6.135 TABLE 6.1.28. Operating Costs
Page 493 and 494:
6.137 REACTORS Domestic Civilian F
Page 495 and 496:
HLW From Fuel Processing Facility 6
Page 497 and 498:
° 6.141 OTV/ORBIT 0.85 AU INSERTIO
Page 499 and 500:
6.143 Waste Form. The waste form wo
Page 501 and 502:
Implementation Time 6.145 With the
Page 503 and 504:
6.147 (Bechtel 1979a). (See Table 6
Page 505 and 506:
6.149 Regarding on- or near-pad acc
Page 507 and 508:
6.151 * Public Sector.Economy. Curr
Page 509 and 510:
6.153 * "Treaty on Principles Gover
Page 511 and 512: 6.155 charges to DOE as a Space Shu
Page 513 and 514: 6.157 Bell, W. J. 1971. An Analysis
Page 515 and 516: 6.159 Environmental Protection Agen
Page 517 and 518: 6.161 Lynn, R. D. and Z. E. Arlin.
Page 519 and 520: 6.163 Sandia Laboratories. 1980. Su
Page 521 and 522: 6.165 6.2 COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE
Page 523 and 524: 6.167 fuel assemblies would be appr
Page 525 and 526: 6.169 A reprocessing fuel cycle wou
Page 527 and 528: 6.2.1.9 Space 6.171 In the space di
Page 529 and 530: Radiological Effects 6.173 TABLE 6.
Page 531 and 532: Non-Radiological Environmental Effe
Page 533 and 534: 6.177 6.2.2.7 Long-Term Maintenance
Page 535 and 536: 6.179 deep hole, island mined repos
Page 537 and 538: 6.181 6.2.3.4 The Concept Should be
Page 539 and 540: Timing 6.183 The timing of implemen
Page 541 and 542: TABLE 6.2.6. Performance of Propose
Page 543 and 544: 6.187 As discussed in Section 6.2.1
Page 545 and 546: 6.189 design might well be limited
Page 547 and 548: 6.191 6.2.4.4 Conformance with Fede
Page 549 and 550: 6.193 appears not to significantly
Page 551 and 552: TABLE 6.2.8. Estimated Resource Com
Page 553 and 554: 6.197 space disposal in an intermed
Page 555 and 556: REFERENCES FOR SECTION 6.2 6.199 Co
Page 557 and 558: 6.2 annual throughput or a common e
Page 559 and 560: 6.4 are identified for well injecti
Page 561: 6.1.1.1 Concept Summary 6.6 6.1.1 V
Page 565 and 566: 6.10 The canister would have to pro
Page 567 and 568: 6.12 storage facility (Bechtel 1979
Page 569 and 570: 6.14 Sealing. Standard oil field pr
Page 571 and 572: 6.16 thermomechanical behavior woul
Page 573 and 574: 6.18 Remote determinations of water
Page 575 and 576: 6.20 TABLE 6.1.2. VDH Concept - Occ
Page 577 and 578: 6.22 available at this time. Parame
Page 579 and 580: Potential Events 6.24 TABLE 6.1.6.
Page 581 and 582: 6.26 TABLE 6.1.7. Long-Term Radiolo
Page 583 and 584: 6.1.2.1 Concept Summary 6.28 6.1.2
Page 585 and 586: Waste-Type Compatibility 6.30 It is
Page 587 and 588: 6.32 Predisposal Treatment of the W
Page 589 and 590: 6.34 be: (1) the pipe and valve man
Page 591 and 592: 6.36 The heat effects in the periph
Page 593 and 594: 6.38 the necessary leaktightness of
Page 595 and 596: 6.40 Data Base Development. Develop
Page 597 and 598: 6.42 Radiological Impacts. During p
Page 599 and 600: 6.44 1979a). In addition, with colo
Page 601 and 602: 6.46 would be stored as a liquid, i
Page 603 and 604: 6.1.3.1 Concept Summary 6.48 6.1.3
Page 605 and 606: Reactors 6.50 -|LWR| Waste Sources
Page 607 and 608: 6.52 Precipitation Surface Faciliti
Page 609 and 610: 6.54 6.1.3.3 Status of Technical De
Page 611 and 612: 6.56 Moreover, although transportat
Page 613 and 614:
6.58 International and Domestic Leg
Page 615 and 616:
Sea Water Dilution 6.60 Discharge I
Page 617 and 618:
Page 619 and 620:
Reactors 6.64 Waste Sources IF L W
Page 621 and 622:
6.66 The ocean's benthic boundary l
Page 623 and 624:
6.68 The total seabed area required
Page 625 and 626:
6.70 Ion Transport in the Sediment.
Page 627 and 628:
6.72 The SDP program plan has been
Page 629 and 630:
6.74 TABLE 6.1.12. Estimated Dose C
Page 631 and 632:
6.76 TABLE 6.1.13. Estimated Energy
Page 633 and 634:
6.78 food chains and ultimate consu
Page 635 and 636:
6.80 processed and disposed of, and
Page 637 and 638:
Page 639 and 640:
6.84 Because the options for the wa
Page 641 and 642:
Reprocessing Plant 6.86 Shielded Ce
Page 643 and 644:
6.88 ,An important factor in this c
Page 645 and 646:
6.90 * Radioactivity of water at ic
Page 647 and 648:
6.92 Occupational casualties from t
Page 649 and 650:
6.94 glass, before transportation t
Page 651 and 652:
6.96 Specific areas of concern, as
Page 653 and 654:
6.98 TABLE 6.1.17. Capital Costs Fo
Page 655 and 656:
Page 657 and 658:
6.102 cases, the injection liquid w
Page 659 and 660:
6.104 heated to above 100 C) (EPA 1
Page 661 and 662:
6.106 capabilities, primarily perfo
Page 663 and 664:
6.108 volume of geologic data (stra
Page 665 and 666:
6.110 With the basic technology for
Page 667 and 668:
Summary 6.112 Major uncertainties,
Page 669 and 670:
Natural System Impacts 6.114 Effect
Page 671 and 672:
6.116 natural gas storage, freshwat
Page 673 and 674:
6.118 for a facility to perform rem
Page 675 and 676:
Reactors 6.120 -- ILWRl Waste Sourc
Page 677 and 678:
Predisposal Treatment 6.122 In a fu
Page 679 and 680:
6.124 * The use of commercial power
Page 681 and 682:
6.126 6.1.7.4 Impacts of Constructi
Page 683 and 684:
6.128 TABLE 6.1.23. Occupational Ra
Page 685 and 686:
6.130 TABLE 6.1.26. Summary Effects
Page 687 and 688:
6.132 waste treatment facility woul
Page 689 and 690:
6.134 more than 100 times for fresh
Page 691 and 692:
Page 693 and 694:
6.138 quirements, high costs, and p
Page 695 and 696:
6.140 The shielded waste container
Page 697 and 698:
6.142 Retrievability/Recovery. Unti
Page 699 and 700:
6.144 Rescue Technology. Remote aut
Page 701 and 702:
6.146 6.1.8.4 Impacts of Constructi
Page 703 and 704:
6.148 TABLE 6.1.30 Short Term (Pree
Page 705 and 706:
6.150 In general, normal operation
Page 707 and 708:
6.152 Critical Resources. Estimated
Page 709 and 710:
6.154 The potential hazard from the
Page 711 and 712:
REFERENCES FOR SECTION 6.1 6.156 Aa
Page 713 and 714:
6.158 Cohen, J. J. et al. 1972. "In
Page 715 and 716:
6.160 Holilster, J. C. and R. J. We
Page 717 and 718:
6.162 Pardue, W. M. 1977. Prelimina
Page 719 and 720:
6.164 White, D. E. 1965. "Saline Wa
Page 721 and 722:
6.166 TABLE 6.2.1. Disposition of P
Page 723 and 724:
6.168 Spent fuel assemblies would b
Page 725 and 726:
6.170 A waste processing facility w
Page 727 and 728:
S\ 6.172 the spectrum of waste prod
Page 729 and 730:
6.174 unit of electrical power by n
Page 731 and 732:
6.176 policies" suggesting that con
Page 733 and 734:
6.178 6.2.3 Application of Performa
Page 735 and 736:
6.180 factory performance of the is
Page 737 and 738:
6.182 development of methods for pr
Page 739 and 740:
6.184 standard of judgement as to p
Page 741 and 742:
6.186 tion of facilities. The failu
Page 743 and 744:
6.188 The mined repository and very
Page 745 and 746:
6.190 relative to waste treatment a
Page 747 and 748:
TABLE 6.2.7. Estimated costs of Var
Page 749 and 750:
6.194 hole concept following packag
Page 751 and 752:
Radiological Effects TABLE 6.2.9. S
Page 753 and 754:
6.2.5.4 Space Disposal 6.198 The pr
Page 755 and 756:
7.1 CHAPTER 7 SYSTEM IMPACTS OF PRO
Page 757 and 758:
7.3 adoption of this strategy was t
Page 759 and 760:
7.5 these low-growth conditions. Th
Page 761 and 762:
7.7 By combining the ORIGEN to matc
Page 763 and 764:
7.9 Four types of waste management
Page 765 and 766:
7.3 SYSTEM LOGISTICS 7.11 To develo
Page 767 and 768:
7.13 7.3.1 Repository Inventory Acc
Page 769 and 770:
250 200- 150 100 - 2 _ 50- 250 1990
Page 771 and 772:
E 400 7.17 DCASE 5 S/ CASE 4 S300 z
Page 773 and 774:
7.19 TABLE 7.3.2. Comparison of Awa
Page 775 and 776:
7.21 wastes do become substantial f
Page 777 and 778:
TABLE 7.3.6. Comparison of Total Tr
Page 779 and 780:
7.25 TABLE 7.3.8. Maximum (and mini
Page 781 and 782:
7.27 The number of equivalent 30-ye
Page 783 and 784:
7.29 TABLE 7.3.10. Number of 800-he
Page 785 and 786:
TABLE 7.3.12. Plutonium Disposition
Page 787 and 788:
TABLE 7.3.13. Total Radioactivity I
Page 789 and 790:
7.35 reprocessing cycle wastes are
Page 791 and 792:
7.37 TABLE 7.3.18 Principal Contrib
Page 793 and 794:
7.39 TABLE 7.4.2 Comparison of 70-Y
Page 795 and 796:
7.41 for discrimination in the sele
Page 797 and 798:
7.43 TABLE 7.5.1 Resource Commitmen
Page 799 and 800:
TABLE 7.5.3 Comparison of Relative
Page 801 and 802:
7.47 1980). (This schedule actually
Page 803 and 804:
7.49 TABLE 7.6.4. Comparison of Lev
Page 805 and 806:
7.51 TABLE 7.6.8. Comparison of Lev
Page 807 and 808:
7.53 Unit costs for the present inv
Page 809 and 810:
8.1 CHAPTER 8 GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS
Page 811 and 812:
8.3 Cask: A container that provides
Page 813 and 814:
FPF: Fuel packaging facility. 8.5 F
Page 815 and 816:
8.7 Kaolinite: A common clay consis
Page 817 and 818:
8.9 Primary Wastes: Untreated initi
Page 819 and 820:
8.11 Transportation: Movement of ma
Page 821 and 822:
iii VOLUME 2 CONTENTS APPENDIX A -
Page 823 and 824:
V CONTENTS (contd) K.2 REMOVAL OF E
Page 825 and 826:
vii FIGURES (contd) K.1.11 Very-Nea
Page 827 and 828:
ix TABLES (contd) A.1.20 Spent Fuel
Page 829 and 830:
xi TABLES (contd) A.3.9b Heat Gener
Page 831 and 832:
xi11 TABLES (contd) A.9.3c Reposito
Page 833 and 834:
xv TABLES (contd) P.2.4 Uranyl Phos
Page 835 and 836:
TABLE A.1.1. Spent Fuel Logistics f
Page 837 and 838:
Page 839 and 840:
Page 841 and 842:
Page 843 and 844:
Page 845 and 846:
A. 12 TABLE A.1.11. Spent Fuel Logi
Page 847 and 848:
A.14 TABLE A.1.13. Spent Fuel Logis
Page 849 and 850:
A.16 TABLE A.1.15. Spent Fuel Logis
Page 851 and 852:
TABLE A.1.16. (Contd) REPOSITo0R SH
Page 853 and 854:
TABLE A.1.17. (Contd) RFPPnrESS RSI
Page 855 and 856:
TABLE A.1.18. (Contd) FPanCnr.EsS Y
Page 857 and 858:
TABLE A.1.19. (Contd) cFPonrES StHI
Page 859 and 860:
TABLE A.1.20. (Contd) RA*CTO9 YEAP
Page 861 and 862:
TABLE A.1.22. Number of Containers
Page 863 and 864:
A.2 RADIOACTIVE INVENTORY TABLES A.
Page 865 and 866:
TABLE A.2.1b. Radioactivity Invento
Page 867 and 868:
Page 869 and 870:
Page 871 and 872:
Page 873 and 874:
Page 875 and 876:
Page 877 and 878:
Page 879 and 880:
Page 881 and 882:
Page 883 and 884:
TABLE A.3.la. Heat Generation Rates
Page 885 and 886:
TABLE A.3.2a. Heat Generation Rates
Page 887 and 888:
Page 889 and 890:
Page 891 and 892:
TABLE A.3.5a. Heat'Generation Rates
Page 893 and 894:
Page 895 and 896:
Page 897 and 898:
Page 899 and 900:
Page 901 and 902:
A.4' HAZARD INDEX TABLES A.68 The t
Page 903 and 904:
A.70 TABLE A.4.1b. Hazard Index--On
Page 905 and 906:
A. 72 TABLE A.4.2b. Hazard Index--O
Page 907 and 908:
A.74 TABLE A.4.3b. Hazard Index--On
Page 909 and 910:
A.76 TABLE A.4.4b. Hazard:Index--On
Page 911 and 912:
A. 78 TABLE A.4.5b. Hazard Index--O
Page 913 and 914:
A.80 TABLE A.4.6b. Hazard Index--Re
Page 915 and 916:
Page 917 and 918:
A. 84 TABLE A.4.8b. Hazard Index--R
Page 919 and 920:
Page 921 and 922:
A.88 TABLE A.5.la. Whole-Body Dose
Page 923 and 924:
TABLE A.5.2a. Whole-Body Dose to th
Page 925 and 926:
A.6 RESOURCE COMMITMENTS A.92 Resou
Page 927 and 928:
TABLE A.6.2. Resource Commitments w
Page 929 and 930:
A.7 TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS A.9
Page 931 and 932:
TABLE A.7.2. Transportation Require
Page 933 and 934:
TABLE A.8.1. Cost Estimates for Tre
Page 935 and 936:
A. 102 TABLE A.8.3. Cost Estimates
Page 937 and 938:
A.9 SUPPLEMENTARY SYSTEM COST DATA
Page 939 and 940:
TABLE A.9.1b. Allocation of Total-S
Page 941 and 942:
TABLE A.9.2a. Allocation of Total-S
Page 943 and 944:
TABLE A.9.2c. Allocation of Total-S
Page 945 and 946:
TABLE A.9.3b. Repository Media Effe
Page 947 and 948:
TABLE A.9.4a. Repository Media Effe
Page 949 and 950:
TABLE A.9.4c. Repository Media Effe
Page 951 and 952:
A.118 TABLE A.9.6. Estimated Resear
Page 953 and 954:
TABLE A.10.1. Repository Requiremen
Page 955 and 956:
B.1 APPENDIX B GEOLOGIC DISPOSAL SU
Page 957 and 958:
B.3 Erosion by wind energy is a mec
Page 959 and 960:
B.5 properties. The emplacement med
Page 961 and 962:
B.7 Rocks are named and described a
Page 963 and 964:
B.9 Through isotopic ratio dating,
Page 965 and 966:
B.4 HYDROLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS B.11
Page 967 and 968:
B.13 and the field measurement of h
Page 969 and 970:
B.6 MULTIPLE GEOLOGIC BARRIERS B.15
Page 971 and 972:
8.17 Salt deposit structures can be
Page 973 and 974:
B.19 TABLE B.6.1. Average Chemical
Page 975 and 976:
B.7 THE SITE SELECTION PROCESS B.21
Page 977 and 978:
B.23 CANDIDATE REGIONS FROM STAGE I
Page 979 and 980:
B.25 CONTINENTAL U.S. STAGE I DATA
Page 981 and 982:
B.27 Office of Waste Isolation. 197
Page 983 and 984:
C.2 the year of intake, and charge
Page 985 and 986:
C.2 DERIVED LIMITS AND ACTION LEVEL
Page 987 and 988:
C.6 boundary (e.g., evacuation). Th
Page 989 and 990:
C.8 Taylor, L. S. 1973. The Origin
Page 991 and 992:
D.2 employed here except that the p
Page 993 and 994:
0.4 and 75 radionuclides. A summary
Page 995 and 996:
D.6 farther than 2600 ft is negligi
Page 997 and 998:
D.8 Baker's analysis indicated that
Page 999 and 1000:
D.2.2.1 Dose Conversion Factors for
Page 1001 and 1002:
D.12 The concentration during the n
Page 1003 and 1004:
REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX D D.14 Atom
Page 1005 and 1006:
E.1 APPENDIX E RADIOLOGICALLY RELAT
Page 1007 and 1008:
warrants use in determining public
Page 1009 and 1010:
E.5 The Reactor Safety Study(a) (RS
Page 1011 and 1012:
E.2 GENETIC EFFECTS E.! It is known
Page 1013 and 1014:
E.3 CONCLUSIONS E.9 For this Statem
Page 1015 and 1016:
E.11 TABLE E.4.1. Comparison of Tra
Page 1017 and 1018:
E.13 E.6 SPECIFIC CONSIDERATION OF
Page 1019 and 1020:
E.15 In summary, it may be conclude
Page 1021 and 1022:
REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX E E.17 Atom
Page 1023 and 1024:
E.19 Shtukkenberg, Y. M. 1968. "Phy
Page 1025 and 1026:
F.2 REGIONAL DEMOGRAPHY AND LAND US
Page 1027 and 1028:
F.3 GEOLOGY F.4 The area in which t
Page 1029 and 1030:
70 600 - 150 500 - F.6 40 =30 20 CL
Page 1031 and 1032:
F.5 METEOROLOGY F.8 The general cli
Page 1033 and 1034:
F.10 F.6 PATHWAY PARAMETERS RELEVAN
Page 1035 and 1036:
G.1 APPENDIX G REFERENCE SITES FOR
Page 1037 and 1038:
Population G.3 Table G.2.1 Selected
Page 1039 and 1040:
H.1 APPENDIX H HAZARD INDICES The t
Page 1041 and 1042:
H.3 number of MPI in the environmen
Page 1043 and 1044:
H.5 Rochlin, G. I. 1977. "Nuclear W
Page 1045 and 1046:
Defense HLW(b) TABLE I.1.1. Compari
Page 1047 and 1048:
Defense TRU Waste On hand as of Sep
Page 1049 and 1050:
K.1 THERMAL CRITERIA K.1 APPENDIX K
Page 1051 and 1052:
subsequent precipitation of mineral
Page 1053 and 1054:
K.5 Step 5: Make near-field rock me
Page 1055 and 1056:
K.7 TABLE K.1.2. Thermal Load Limit
Page 1057 and 1058:
K.9 TABLE K.1.4 Thermal Loadings Ac
Page 1059 and 1060:
K.11 TEMPERATURE VS. DEPTH 400 -.-.
Page 1061 and 1062:
K.13 TEMPERATURE VS. DEPTH 400 --.
Page 1063 and 1064:
600 - K.15 TEMPERATURE VS. TIME 6.5
Page 1065 and 1066:
K.17 TEMPERATURE VS. TIME 6.5 YR. O
Page 1067 and 1068:
K.19 TABLE K.1.7. Thermal Loading L
Page 1069 and 1070:
K.21 TABLE K.1.11. Maximum Near-Fie
Page 1071 and 1072:
K.2 REMOVAL OF EMPLACED WASTE K.23
Page 1073 and 1074:
K.25 K.2.2 Recoverable Emplacement
Page 1075 and 1076:
K.27 TABLE K.3.1. Predominant Solut
Page 1077 and 1078:
K.29 TABLE K.3.4 Retention Time Ran
Page 1079 and 1080:
K.31 Neretnieks, I. 1977. Retardati
Page 1081 and 1082:
USGS/LASL-SLA L.2 Evaluation of the
Page 1083 and 1084:
L.2 HOST ROCK PROPERTIES L.4 Resear
Page 1085 and 1086:
L.3 THERMAL AND RADIATION EFFECTS L
Page 1087 and 1088:
Glossary of Acronyms Used in Append
Page 1089 and 1090:
M.I APPENDIX M. BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR SE
Page 1091 and 1092:
M.3 Bryant, E. A. et al. 1976. Oklo
Page 1093 and 1094:
M.5 Department of Energy (DOE). 197
Page 1095 and 1096:
M.7 Gorrell, T. C. 1979. Transmutat
Page 1097 and 1098:
Loeding, J. W. 1961. The Fluid Bed
Page 1099 and 1100:
M. 1 National Academy of Sciences (
Page 1101 and 1102:
M.13 Roberts, J. J. et al. 1978. Pl
Page 1103 and 1104:
M.15 Thompson, G. H. et al. 1979. A
Page 1105 and 1106:
N.1 APPENDIX N WASTES FROM THORIUM-
Page 1107 and 1108:
N.3 operation used to separate the
Page 1109 and 1110:
P.1 APPENDIX P MINERALS THAT COULD
Page 1111 and 1112:
P.3 One can usually establish only
Page 1113 and 1114:
P.5 * pH. Most minerals are leached
Page 1115 and 1116:
Element minerals P.7 TABLE P.1.4 Pl
Page 1117 and 1118:
P.1.2.1 Leaching rate P.9 If the le
Page 1119 and 1120:
P.11 Using Table P.1.6 as a guide,
Page 1121 and 1122:
P.13 * firing the calcine, at tempe
Page 1123 and 1124:
P.15 The reported rare earth conten
Page 1125 and 1126:
P.17 Although the pure di-calcium s
Page 1127 and 1128:
P.19 aluminosilicate framework stru
Page 1129 and 1130:
P.21 The stability of this group of
Page 1131 and 1132:
P.23 close association with albite,
Page 1133 and 1134:
P.25 complex carbonates of the alka
Page 1135 and 1136:
P.27 Ca(P04)3(0H) + 4H + - 5Ca 2+ +
Page 1137 and 1138:
P.29 Xenotime contains a high amoun
Page 1139 and 1140:
P.2.6.2 Uranate Minerals P.31 Urani
Page 1141 and 1142:
P.33 depending on the number of wat
Page 1143 and 1144:
P.3 MINERAL TABLES P.35 P.3.1 Hosts
Page 1145 and 1146:
P.37 TABLE P.3.1. (continued) Occur
Page 1147 and 1148:
Page 1149 and 1150:
Page 1151 and 1152:
P.43 The rankings, except for the t
Page 1153 and 1154:
P.45 Koreskawa 1954) and differenti
Page 1155 and 1156:
P.47 uranium or thorium. Reports of
Page 1157 and 1158:
REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX P P.49 Alex
Page 1159 and 1160:
P.51 Mitchell, R. S. 1972.. "Virgin
Page 1161 and 1162:
FINAL DOE/EIS-0046F Volume 3 of 3 U
Page 1163 and 1164:
SAFEGUARDS GROWTH SCENARIOS GEOLOGI
Page 1165 and 1166:
2 POLICY TOPIC AREAS KEY ISSUES . R
Page 1167 and 1168:
4 Volume 2 Section of Final Stateme
Page 1169 and 1170:
Issues 6 WASTE PROGRAM Several comm
Page 1171 and 1172:
8 WASTE PROGRAM * The multibarrier
Page 1173 and 1174:
Response 10 WASTE PROGRAM The objec
Page 1175 and 1176:
Issue 12 LICENSING AND THE DECISION
Page 1177 and 1178:
14 LICENSING AND THE DECISION-MAKIN
Page 1179 and 1180:
Response 16 SITING ISSUES While the
Page 1181 and 1182:
Response 18 SITING ISSUES In keepin
Page 1183 and 1184:
Issues 20 FUEL CYCLE ISSUES Several
Page 1185 and 1186:
Issue 22 ATTRIBUTION OF COSTS/RISKS
Page 1187 and 1188:
24 GENERAL COMMENTS In addition to
Page 1189 and 1190:
Draft p. iv Issue 26 ORGANIZATION A
Page 1191 and 1192:
Issue 28 ORGANIZATION AND PRESENTAT
Page 1193 and 1194:
Section of Final Statement 30 ORGAN
Page 1195 and 1196:
Response 32 ORGANIZATION AND PRESEN
Page 1197 and 1198:
Draft pp. iv and 1.2 Issue 34 SCOPE
Page 1199 and 1200:
Response 5.2). Issue 36 SCOPE Such
Page 1201 and 1202:
(167) 38 SCOPE The problems or cost
Page 1203 and 1204:
40 RADIOLOGICAL ISSUES presently re
Page 1205 and 1206:
Draft p. 2.2.3 Issue 42 RADIOLOGICA
Page 1207 and 1208:
Draft p. 2.3.3 Issue 44 RADIOLOGICA
Page 1209 and 1210:
46 RADIOLOGICAL ISSUES particles (h
Page 1211 and 1212:
48 RADIOLOGICAL ISSUES it has been
Page 1213 and 1214:
Draft p. 3.1.144 Issue 50 RADIOLOGI
Page 1215 and 1216:
Draft Appendix C Issue 52 RADIOLOGI
Page 1217 and 1218:
Response 54 RADIOLOGICAL ISSUES EPA
Page 1219 and 1220:
56 RADIOLOGICAL ISSUES The EPA risk
Page 1221 and 1222:
58 RADIOLOGICAL ISSUES Transuranium
Page 1223 and 1224:
60 RADIOLOGICAL ISSUES BEIR III (19
Page 1225 and 1226:
62 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS Risk define
Page 1227 and 1228:
64 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS Sr and Cs h
Page 1229 and 1230:
66 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS individual
Page 1231 and 1232:
Response 68 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS Th
Page 1233 and 1234:
70 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS been provid
Page 1235 and 1236:
72 CONSEQUENCE.ANALYSIS on a sound
Page 1237 and 1238:
Response 74 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS DO
Page 1239 and 1240:
Draft p. 3.1.100 Issue 76 CONSEQUEN
Page 1241 and 1242:
Page 1243 and 1244:
80 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS demonstrate
Page 1245 and 1246:
82 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS The followi
Page 1247 and 1248:
Response 84 iCONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS T
Page 1249 and 1250:
Draft pp. 3.1.148-155 Issue ,86 CON
Page 1251 and 1252:
Page 1253 and 1254:
Draft pp. 3.1.165-168 Issue 90 CONS
Page 1255 and 1256:
92 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS Note the as
Page 1257 and 1258:
94 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS are found i
Page 1259 and 1260:
96 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS Briefly, th
Page 1261 and 1262:
98 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS rates to be
Page 1263 and 1264:
Response 100 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS T
Page 1265 and 1266:
102 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS in additio
Page 1267 and 1268:
104 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS Three sour
Page 1269 and 1270:
106 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS would depe
Page 1271 and 1272:
Issue 108 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS A qu
Page 1273 and 1274:
Response 110 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS A
Page 1275 and 1276:
Response 112 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS T
Page 1277 and 1278:
Issue 114 DOSE CALCULATIONS Several
Page 1279 and 1280:
Draft p. 1.20 Issue 116 DOSE CALCUL
Page 1281 and 1282:
Response 118 DOSE CALCULATIONS In p
Page 1283 and 1284:
Response 120 DOSE CALCULATIONS Dilu
Page 1285 and 1286:
Response 122 DOSE CALCULATIONS The
Page 1287 and 1288:
Page 1289 and 1290:
Page 1291 and 1292:
Issue 128 RISK PERSPECTIVES Several
Page 1293 and 1294:
Response 130 RISK PERSPECTIVES * Th
Page 1295 and 1296:
132 RISK PERSPECTIVES Draft p. 1.16
Page 1297 and 1298:
Draft p. 3.1.64 Issue 134 RISK PERS
Page 1299 and 1300:
Draft Appendix H Issue 136 RISK PER
Page 1301 and 1302:
Response 138 RISK PERSPECTIVES EPA
Page 1303 and 1304:
Draft p. 3.1.55 Issue 140 WASTE MAN
Page 1305 and 1306:
Response 142 WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERA
Page 1307 and 1308:
Page 1309 and 1310:
14,6 WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS To
Page 1311 and 1312:
Response 148 -WASTE MANAGEMENT OPER
Page 1313 and 1314:
Page 1315 and 1316:
Page 1317 and 1318:
Response 1.54 WASTE MANAGEMENT OPER
Page 1319 and 1320:
156 WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS AFR
Page 1321 and 1322:
Page 1323 and 1324:
Page 1325 and 1326:
Draft pp. 1.11 Issue 162 WASTE MANA
Page 1327 and 1328:
164 WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS whi
Page 1329 and 1330:
166 WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS and
Page 1331 and 1332:
168 WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS are
Page 1333 and 1334:
Draft p. 1.4 Issue 170 WASTE MANAGE
Page 1335 and 1336:
Draft p. 1.10 Issue 172 WASTE MANAG
Page 1337 and 1338:
Page 1339 and 1340:
Page 1341 and 1342:
178 WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS Dra
Page 1343 and 1344:
180 WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS 3.
Page 1345 and 1346:
Draft p. 3.1.116 Issue 182 WASTE MA
Page 1347 and 1348:
184 WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS sta
Page 1349 and 1350:
DOE/ET-0028, pp. 7.4.43 and 7.5.46
Page 1351 and 1352:
Draft pp. v and 3.1.6 Issue 188 FUE
Page 1353 and 1354:
Draft pp 1.10, 1.23, 3.1.133 Issue
Page 1355 and 1356:
192 COSTS 3. The construction cost
Page 1357 and 1358:
Draft pp 3.1.210-212 Issue 194 COST
Page 1359 and 1360:
196 COSTS Title Basin Size Cost Est
Page 1361 and 1362:
Issue 198 COSTS An issue which need
Page 1363 and 1364:
200 SAFEGUARDS For the waste in the
Page 1365 and 1366:
202 SAFEGUARDS planning for assista
Page 1367 and 1368:
Draft pp. 1.10 and 2.1.2 Issue 204
Page 1369 and 1370:
Draft, p. 1.3 Issue (208-NRC) Respo
Page 1371 and 1372:
Page 1373 and 1374:
Response 210 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATION
Page 1375 and 1376:
Page 1377 and 1378:
214 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS in thes
Page 1379 and 1380:
216 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS The rev
Page 1381 and 1382:
Draft p. 3.1.4 Issue 218 GEOLOGIC C
Page 1383 and 1384:
Page 1385 and 1386:
Page 1387 and 1388:
Draft p. 3.1.8 Issue (113-EPA) Resp
Page 1389 and 1390:
226 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS composi
Page 1391 and 1392:
Page 1393 and 1394:
Page 1395 and 1396:
232 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS 5. Figu
Page 1397 and 1398:
Draft p. 3.1.20 Issue 234 GEOLOGIC
Page 1399 and 1400:
Page 1401 and 1402:
Draft pp. 3.1.24, 33 and 235 Issue
Page 1403 and 1404:
Page 1405 and 1406:
242 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS selecti
Page 1407 and 1408:
244 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS The Tek
Page 1409 and 1410:
Response The text was changed. Draf
Page 1411 and 1412:
Page 1413 and 1414:
Page 1415 and 1416:
252 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS made. T
Page 1417 and 1418:
Page 1419 and 1420:
256 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS effects
Page 1421 and 1422:
Page 1423 and 1424:
260 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS be mapp
Page 1425 and 1426:
262 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS tectoni
Page 1427 and 1428:
264 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS Since e
Page 1429 and 1430:
Issue 266 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS S
Page 1431 and 1432:
Issue 268 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS I
Page 1433 and 1434:
270 GEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS the Nev
Page 1435 and 1436:
Draft p. 3.1.6 Issue 272 MULTIBARRI
Page 1437 and 1438:
Draft p. 3.1.40 Issue 274 MULTIBARR
Page 1439 and 1440:
Page 1441 and 1442:
Page 1443 and 1444:
Draft Appendix L Issue 280 MULT.IBA
Page 1445 and 1446:
282 MULTIBARRIERS FOR DISPOSAL cont
Page 1447 and 1448:
Draft p. 1.6 Issue 284 SOCIOECONOMI
Page 1449 and 1450:
Draft p. 3.1.25 Issue 286 SOCIOECON
Page 1451 and 1452:
Draft p. 3.1.75 Issue 288 SOCIOECON
Page 1453 and 1454:
290 SOCIOECONOMIC/SOCIOPOLITICAL IS
Page 1455 and 1456:
292 SOCIOECONOMIC/SOCIOPOLITICAL IS
Page 1457 and 1458:
294 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS a site sp
Page 1459 and 1460:
Response REFERENCE ENVIRONMENTS DOE
Page 1461 and 1462:
Response 298 REFERENCE ENVIRONMENTS
Page 1463 and 1464:
Draft pp. 1.1, 31, 35, 36 Issue 300
Page 1465 and 1466:
302 COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT 2. To st
Page 1467 and 1468:
304 COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT Draft p.
Page 1469 and 1470:
Response 306 COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT
Page 1471 and 1472:
Draft p. 4.9 Issue 308 COMPARATIVE
Page 1473 and 1474:
Page 1475 and 1476:
Page 1477 and 1478:
314 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL CONCEPTS g
Page 1479 and 1480:
316 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL CONCEPTS h
Page 1481 and 1482:
Response 318 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL C
Page 1483 and 1484:
Draft Appendix P Issue 320 ALTERNAT
Page 1485 and 1486:
Draft p. 1.25 Issue 322 ALTERNATIVE
Page 1487 and 1488:
Draft p. 3.3.7 Issue 324 ALTERNATIV
Page 1489 and 1490:
Draft p. 3.3.30 Issue 326 ALTERNATI
Page 1491 and 1492:
Page 1493 and 1494:
Response 330. ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL
Page 1495 and 1496:
332 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL CONCEPTS A
Page 1497 and 1498:
334 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL CONCEPTS D
Page 1499 and 1500:
Draft p. 3.4.13 Issue Response 336
Page 1501 and 1502:
Issue 338 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL CONC
Page 1503 and 1504:
Draft Section 3.5 Issue 340 ALTERNA
Page 1505 and 1506:
Page 1507 and 1508:
Page 1509 and 1510:
346 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL CONCEPTS o
Page 1511 and 1512:
348 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL CONCEPTS S
Page 1513 and 1514:
Page 1515 and 1516:
Draft p. 1.27 Issue 352 ALTERNATIVE
Page 1517 and 1518:
354 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL CONCEPTS W
Page 1519 and 1520:
356 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL CONCEPTS e
Page 1521 and 1522:
Response Jbb ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL C
Page 1523 and 1524:
Page 1525 and 1526:
Page 1527 and 1528:
Page 1529 and 1530:
Page 1531 and 1532:
368 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL CONCEPTS T
Page 1533 and 1534:
Draft p. 3.6.18 Issue Response 37U
Page 1535 and 1536:
Page 1537 and 1538:
Page 1539 and 1540:
Page 1541 and 1542:
Draft Section 3.7 Issue 378 ALTERNA
Page 1543 and 1544:
Page 1545 and 1546:
Page 1547 and 1548:
Page 1549 and 1550:
386 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL CONCEPTS W
Page 1551 and 1552:
Page 1553 and 1554:
Page 1555 and 1556:
Page 1557 and 1558:
Page 1559 and 1560:
Page 1561 and 1562:
398 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL CONCEPTS T
Page 1563 and 1564:
400 ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL CONCEPTS E
Page 1565 and 1566:
Draft p. 3.10.18 Issue 402 ALTERNAT
Page 1567 and 1568:
Draft p. 3.10.27 Issue 404 ALTERNAT
Page 1569 and 1570:
Page 1571 and 1572:
408 HEARING BOARD REPORT AND RESPON
Page 1573 and 1574:
410 Safeguards of the Nuclear Regul
Page 1575 and 1576:
HEARING BOARD REPORT ON THE DEPARTM
Page 1577 and 1578:
Associated documents that came to t
Page 1579 and 1580:
Further, this sole statement of pur
Page 1581 and 1582:
Not even those in the scientific co
Page 1583 and 1584:
A common misconception is that hole
Page 1585 and 1586:
In sumnary, humanistic consideratio
Page 1587 and 1588:
4. EDITORIAL AND TERMINOLOGICAL Res
Page 1589 and 1590:
Several views of comparative risk n
Page 1591 and 1592:
Resp-nse Various spent fuel storage
Page 1593 and 1594:
Since current costs in developing a
Page 1595 and 1596:
multiple barrier concept, they shou
Page 1597 and 1598:
F. MISCELLMEOUS ITMS REQUIRING REVI
Page 1599 and 1600:
III. CONCLUSIONS Subject to the abo
Page 1601 and 1602:
, Draft Environmental Impact Staten
Page 1603 and 1604:
440 Interagency Review Group. 1978.
Page 1605 and 1606:
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Page 1607 and 1608:
A.1 APPENDIX A LIST OF RESPONDENTS
Page 1609 and 1610:
A.3 COMMENTER DATE RECEIVED 12. Ms.
Page 1611 and 1612:
A.5 COMMENTER DATE RECEIVED 34. Mr.
Page 1613 and 1614:
A.7 COMMENTER DATE RECEIVED 54. Edw
Page 1615 and 1616:
A.9 COMMENTER DATE RECEIVED 79. Wal
Page 1617 and 1618:
A.11 . COMMENTER- . .... . .... DAT
Page 1619 and 1620:
A. 13 COMMENTER DATE RECEIVED 132.
Page 1621 and 1622:
A.15 COMMENTER DATE RECEIVED 157. F
Page 1623 and 1624:
A.17 COMMENTER DATE RECEIVED 183. R
Page 1625 and 1626:
A.19 COMMENTER DATE RECEIVED 208. J
Page 1627 and 1628:
A.21 COMMENTER DATE RECEIVED LETTER
Page 1629 and 1630:
Page 1631 and 1632:
Page 1633 and 1634:
Page 1635 and 1636:
Page 1637 and 1638:
Page 1639 and 1640:
Page 1641 and 1642:
Page 1643 and 1644:
North Carolina: A.37 COMMENTER DATE
Page 1645 and 1646:
APPENDIX B INDEX FOR COMMENT LETTER
Page 1647 and 1648:
B.2 Letter Topic Area Pages 1 Costs
Page 1649 and 1650:
B.4 Letter Topic Area Pages 30 (Con
Page 1651 and 1652:
B.6 Letter Topic Area Pages 57 Gene
Page 1653 and 1654:
B.8 Letter Topic Area Pages 102 Gen
Page 1655 and 1656:
B.10 Letter Topic Area Pages 133 Wa
Page 1657 and 1658:
B.12 Letter Topic Area Pages 160 Ge
Page 1659 and 1660:
B.14 Letter Topic Area Pages. 198 W
Page 1661 and 1662:
8.16 Letter Topic Area Pages 215 Wa
Page 1663 and 1664:
C.1 APPENDIX C STATE AND FEDERAL AG
Page 1665 and 1666:
State Of Idaho /' .DIVISION OF BUDG
Page 1667 and 1668:
STATE OF KANSAS TENNESSEE §beparim
Page 1669 and 1670:
B. 1JM PORTER H.T. SUTTON OFFICE OF
Page 1671 and 1672:
Dr. Colin A. Heath July 10, 1979 Pa
Page 1673 and 1674:
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR WILLIAM P. C
Page 1675 and 1676:
(Office of file (aobernor Geoar Pus
Page 1677 and 1678:
as storage facilities begin to reac
Page 1679 and 1680:
C. Frank Harsche, III Socftary Juli
Page 1681 and 1682:
,U - ,UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF C
Page 1683 and 1684:
-3- TO: PP/EC - R. Lehm FROM: OA/Dx
Page 1685 and 1686:
for promulgation as Federal guides
Page 1687 and 1688:
2 published since the Draft EIS was
Page 1689 and 1690:
6 Spec c The hazard indices discuss
Page 1691 and 1692:
10 22. (Page 3.1.6, sixth paragraph
Page 1693 and 1694:
14 15 43. (Page 3.1.40, physical pr
Page 1695 and 1696:
18 74. (Page 3.1.106, third paragra
Page 1697 and 1698:
22 23 101. (Page 3.6.1) The first p
Page 1699 and 1700:
26 27 124. (Page D.8) - The model u
Page 1701 and 1702:
30 The consequence analysis as it b
Page 1703 and 1704:
34 United States Department of the
Page 1705 and 1706:
-4- -5- -4- An important criterion
Page 1707 and 1708:
-8- -9- Modeling of Groundwater Mod
Page 1709 and 1710:
-12- -13- Reasonable bounds for the
Page 1711 and 1712:
3 Page 3.1.30. Third paragraph, fir
Page 1713 and 1714:
7 8 also include at least generaliz
Page 1715 and 1716:
11- 12 Page 3.1.6, par. 3, line 2:
Page 1717 and 1718:
15 shaft and borehole sealing; larg
Page 1719 and 1720:
1.9 20 Page 3.1.106. par. 3: What w
Page 1721 and 1722:
UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY CO
Page 1723 and 1724:
INDEX TO GEIS COMMENTS 1. GENERAL..
Page 1725 and 1726:
1-3 Comment Number Comment 1-4 .5 T
Page 1727 and 1728:
1-7 Comment Comment Number Number ,
Page 1729 and 1730:
2-1 2-2 Comment Comment Number Numb
Page 1731 and 1732:
Comment Number 2-5 d. Transportatio
Page 1733 and 1734:
2-9 2-10 Comment Comment Number Num
Page 1735 and 1736:
C ~, "0 '0 , ' 0omment C Numb1 0 .3
Page 1737 and 1738:
Comment Number 2-17 Comment Number
Page 1739 and 1740:
3-1 3-2 Comment Number Comment Numb
Page 1741 and 1742:
3-5 3-6 Comment Number Comment Numb
Page 1743 and 1744:
Comment Number 3-9 Comment Number i
Page 1745 and 1746:
3-13 Comment Comment Number Number
Page 1747 and 1748:
Comment Number 3-17 3-18 Comment Nu
Page 1749 and 1750:
3-21 3-22 Comment Comment Number Nu
Page 1751 and 1752:
3-25 Comment Number Comment Number
Page 1753 and 1754:
3-29 3-30 Comment .. Comment "'umbe
Page 1755 and 1756:
3-33 Comment Comment Number ,lumber
Page 1757 and 1758:
3-37 3-38 Comment Number Comment Nu
Page 1759 and 1760:
3-41 3-42 Comment Comment Number Nu
Page 1761 and 1762:
Comment Number 4-3 Comment Number I
Page 1763 and 1764:
4-7 4-8 Comment Comment Number Numb
Page 1765 and 1766:
Comnent ,iumoer 4-11 Comment Number
Page 1767 and 1768:
5-2 Comment lNumber Comment 5-3 5-3
Page 1769 and 1770:
Dr. Cblin A. Heath nivision of Wast
show all

Management of Commercially Generated Radioactive Waste - U.S. ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?