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The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

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88 HISTORY OF THE POPES.<br />

as murderers.^ That long-established pest <strong>of</strong> Rome, <strong>the</strong><br />

beggars, was to be dealt with,^ and in 1567 all vagrants^<br />

and gypsies* were banished <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> Papal States. <strong>The</strong><br />

amusements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Carnival were purged <strong>of</strong> all unseemliness,<br />

and no one was allowed to dress up as a woman or a religious.<br />

Bull-fights were altoge<strong>the</strong>r prohibited, and <strong>the</strong> races restricted<br />

to <strong>the</strong> Corso, because such things seemed unfitting in <strong>the</strong><br />

Borgo, where <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Church resided.^ To what<br />

an extent <strong>the</strong>se ordinances went into detail is shown among<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r things by <strong>the</strong> fact that shop-keepers and artisans<br />

were forbidden to make use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> im<strong>ages</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> saints as<br />

signs. ^<br />

<strong>The</strong> Fourth Council <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lateran had already laid upon<br />

physicians <strong>the</strong> obligation <strong>of</strong> immediately urging <strong>the</strong> sick<br />

to receive <strong>the</strong> Sacraments, but this very necessary and well<br />

meant law had been but Uttle observed. For this reason<br />

^ See <strong>the</strong> *Avviso di Roma <strong>of</strong> January i, 1569, Urb. 1040,<br />

p. I, Vatican Library.<br />

2 <strong>The</strong> Pope wishes *" ridur i poveri mendicanti della citt^ in 4<br />

quartieri con farli proveder di vitto necessario accio non vadino<br />

vagabondi e disturbando, per le chiese le orationi et che i curati si<br />

piglino fatica di ammaestrarli a viver christianamente et a darli'<br />

li s. sacramenti a tempi debiti " (*Avviso di Roma <strong>of</strong> March 12,<br />

1569, Urb. 1041, p. 41, Vatican Library. Cf. Bull. Rom., VIL,<br />

436, and Tacchi Venturi, L, 394.<br />

^ See *Avviso di Roma <strong>of</strong> June 12, 1567, Urb. 1040, p. 421,<br />

Vatican Library. Cf. <strong>the</strong> *report <strong>of</strong> Arco <strong>of</strong> January 24, 1568,<br />

State Archives, Vienna.<br />

* See *Avviso di Roma <strong>of</strong> September 20, 1567, Urb. 1040,<br />

p. 437. Cf. *Avviso di Roma <strong>of</strong> June 14, 1570, Urb. 1041, p. 290b,<br />

according to which some gipsies were also sent at that time to <strong>the</strong><br />

galleys. Vatican Library,<br />

* See in App. n. 26 <strong>the</strong> *report <strong>of</strong> B. Pia <strong>of</strong> Januaiy 22, 1567,<br />

Gonzaga Archives, Mantua. For <strong>the</strong> action taken by Pius V.<br />

against actors see Catena, Lettere, 481. This evidence has been<br />

missed by E. Re in his article Commedianti a Roma nel sec.<br />

XVI., in Giorn. stov. d. lett. Ital., LXIIL, 298 seq.<br />

* See *Avviso di Roma <strong>of</strong> June 28, 1567, Urb. 1040, p. 407,<br />

Vatican Library.

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