The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

3l8 HISTORY OF THE POPES.
to the spiritual authority,^ but their obedience was put to a
hard test when, in October, 1567, Bartolomeo Bartoccio was
imprisoned at Genoa, when he was passing through the city,
as a propagator of Protestant doctrines in Italy. ^ Cardinal
Cicada demanded the handling over of the heretic to the
Roman Inquisition,^ but the Senate of Geneva, where Bar-
toccio had resided for twelve years, threatened to break off
commercial relations if the prisoner were not set at liberty.*
A long correspondence ensued, both with the Swiss republics
of Geneva and Berne, and with Cardinal Cicada. In Rome
Genoa pointed out that all its trade with Flanders and Germany
passed through Switzerland, and that the people in
the latter country were " but little versed in the usages of
civilisation " ;^ that Berne had already kept back 24,000
scudi of Genoese money ;^ Rome should at least allow them
to pacify the irritation of this barbarous people.' but Pius
V. would not suffer himself to be turned from this purpose
by any of these considerations, and at length induced the
mercantile Ligurian republic to bend to his wiU, even in a
matter that so much concerned their trade and finances,
and Bartoccio was tried in Rome.^
Soon after Bartoccio had been taken away fresh difficulties
for the Senate of Genoa made their appearance. It would
seem that the Eucharist had been celebrated in Genoa accord-
ing to the Calvinist rite for the first time, and the mildness
with which the Inquisitor had dealt with the case had caused
surprise and even consternation in Rome. It availed the
1 Rosi, Riforma, 17 seqq. From 1540 to 1583 there were 366
trials before the Inquisition at Genoa, which, however, must not
be counted as cases of heresy ; ibid. 43.
^ Ibid. 68 seq.
* Ibid. 70.
" Ibid. 73.
* " Per la Svizzera, dove habita una nazione assai incolta di
costumi civili " ; ibid. 74.
* Ibid. 75.
^ Ibid. 74.
* See supra, p. 30O,