The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

PIUS V. AND THE SOCIETY OF JESUS. 279
that only those should become members of the Society of
Jesus who had in like manner proved their capacity for learn-
ing by means of searching examinations. Since, however,
the number of the members would have to remain very small
as the result of this decision, and it would be impossible to
carry on their work on any large scale, they also admitted
other capable priests, but only as coadiuton, that is to say as
fellow-labourers with the Society proi)erly so-called. The
coadiuton only took the simple vows of religion ;
they could
fill almost all the offices in the Order, but were not represented
in its legislative assemble, the General Congregation, and
thus could not pass laws which would have lowered the
scholarly status of the Order.
Since a sufficient number of fully quaUfied priests did not
enter the Order, and Ignatius had in consequence decided to
receive youths and educate them in the Society, he only granted
solemn vows to those who had given proof of possessing
sufficient learning, and that onty after a long noviciate, gener-
ally of sixteen years. Until then these young religious on their
part, were only bound to the Order by simple vows, while
the Order, on its part, was not bound to them at all ;
should
they show themselves unsuited to the purposes of the Society
of Jesus, the General could dispense their vows and dismiss
them.
The bulls of Paul III. and Julius III. bad approved this
arrangement, but Pius V. thought that there was a certain
want of equity in the fact that with these simple vows the
Order was not bound in the same degree as were those who
entered it.^ He did not, however, interfere immediately,
but in 1567 he ordered the Jesuits to lay before the Congrega-
tion of the Council a justification of these simple vows for the
scholastics ;
at the same time he once again reverted to the
intention of Paul IV. of forcing the Jesuits to adopt the use of
the memorial which he now asked for was
prayer in choir ;
to deal with that matter as well.
The arguments put forward by the Jesuits did not meet
1 Sacchini p. III., I, 3, n. l seqq. Astrain, II, 317 seqq.