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The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

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THE INQUISITION AT MANTUA 325<br />

Mantua seemed to bear out <strong>the</strong> Cardinal's words ;<br />

<strong>the</strong> sending<br />

to Rome <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mantuan heretics led to a conspiracy<br />

against <strong>the</strong> sovereign. Pius V. gave <strong>the</strong> Duke all <strong>the</strong> hclj;<br />

he could in <strong>the</strong> investigation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plot. <strong>The</strong> Bishop <strong>of</strong><br />

Casale was given <strong>the</strong> necessary powers to imprison and examine<br />

even <strong>the</strong> clergy, and when a certain Flaminio Paleologo<br />

appealed <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> bishop to his privileges as a Knight <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Order <strong>of</strong> Santiago, Pius V. had a letter written to <strong>the</strong><br />

King <strong>of</strong> Spain to beg him not to extend his protection to <strong>the</strong><br />

criminal.^ Speaking generally, <strong>the</strong> new religion at Mantua<br />

did not fight with religious weapons only. In March, 1568,<br />

manifestos were discovered which held up as meritorious acts<br />

before God and man <strong>the</strong> nunder <strong>of</strong> Cardinal Borromeo, <strong>the</strong><br />

bishop and <strong>the</strong> Dominicans.'- A preacher who had leanings<br />

towards <strong>the</strong> innovators dared to condemn <strong>from</strong> a public<br />

pulpit <strong>the</strong> methods <strong>of</strong> procedure adopted by <strong>the</strong> Inquisition,<br />

but <strong>the</strong> Pope had him summoned to Rome and<br />

punished.^<br />

Revolutionary ideas were also disseminated by <strong>the</strong> innova-<br />

tors in <strong>the</strong> district <strong>of</strong> Tenda in <strong>the</strong> Maritime Alps. Many <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>ir adherents no longer believed in one God, while o<strong>the</strong>rs<br />

held that any acts <strong>of</strong> violence against clergy who possessed<br />

property were lawful. In 1566 a widespread insurrection<br />

against Count Honoratus II. broke out, but this was easily<br />

1 Brief to Philip II. <strong>of</strong> June 28 1569 in Laderchi, 1569, n. 64.<br />

Bonelli to Castagna, June 29, 1569, Corresp. dipl., III., 94-<br />

F. Valerani, Prigionia e morte di Fl. Paleologo, 1568-1571,<br />

Alessandria, 191 2 (Extract <strong>from</strong> Rivista di storia ed arte della<br />

provincia d' Alessandria).<br />

' *Arco, March 29, 1568, State Archives, Vienna. Cardinal<br />

Rebiba in a letter to <strong>the</strong> Bishop <strong>of</strong> Mantua <strong>of</strong> March 27, 1568, in<br />

Bertolotti, Martiri, 46, mentions a " bando " which <strong>the</strong> Duke<br />

" ha fatto fare per trovare et castigare gli autori di quei cartelli<br />

contro il santo <strong>of</strong>iitio."<br />

' Roberto Novella da Evoli. Cf. Bertolotti, loc. cit. 51 seqq.<br />

and <strong>the</strong> trial <strong>of</strong> Paleario in Arch. d. Soc. Rom., 1896, 171, 173 seq. ;<br />

*Avviso di Roma <strong>of</strong> June 17, 1570 (his removal to <strong>the</strong> prison <strong>of</strong><br />

Ostia), Urb. 1041, p. 295, Vatican Library.

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