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The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

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ESTABLISHMENT OF SEMINARIES. 213<br />

duty <strong>of</strong> coDtributing to <strong>the</strong> seminaries. At first Germany<br />

ra<strong>the</strong>r lagged behind in <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se institutes ;^<br />

lagged behind ; in Spain <strong>the</strong> earliest seminaries are those <strong>of</strong><br />

Mondonedo and Tarragona (1570). In <strong>the</strong> Low Countries <strong>the</strong><br />

proposal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> council <strong>of</strong> Malines in 1570 to set up a seminary<br />

met with opposition because <strong>the</strong> three existing " convitti " were<br />

in accordance with <strong>the</strong> prescriptions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Council. A. Degert<br />

(Histoire des seminaires franfais jusqu'k la revolution, Paris, 1912)<br />

mentions as <strong>the</strong> earliest seminaries those <strong>of</strong> Rieti 1564, Rome 1565,<br />

Milan 1566, Imola and Ravenna 1567, Rimini and Bologna 1568.<br />

In Italy <strong>the</strong> seminary <strong>of</strong> Orvieto dates <strong>from</strong> 1566 (Pardi, Guida<br />

di Orvieto, 100), Bonomi erected that <strong>of</strong> Spoleto in 1567 (Colombo,<br />

Vita di Bonomi, Turin, 1879, 15), Cardinal Giulio della Rovere<br />

that <strong>of</strong> Ravenna in 1567 (*Manuscript in <strong>the</strong> Seminary Archives<br />

<strong>the</strong>re), and Cardinal G. Paleotto that <strong>of</strong> Bologna (Guidicini,<br />

Miscellanea Bologn., 52 ; Masini, III., 219 ; Omaggio del semin-<br />

ario di Bologna all'arciv. Giac. della Chiesa, Bologna, 1908),<br />

Bishop Valerio that <strong>of</strong> Verona {cf. *Costituzioni fatte per il Ag.<br />

Valiero et il capitolo sopra la schola degli accohti 1571, Capitular<br />

Library, Verona). In 1571 a seminary was also established at<br />

Padua ; see (L. Todesco and Seb. Serena) II seminaric di<br />

Padova, Padua, 191 1. Franc. Lanzoni (La fondazione del<br />

seminario di Faenza e S. Carlo Borromeo, Faenza, 1896, 41)<br />

places <strong>the</strong> date <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> foundation <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> seminaries in <strong>the</strong><br />

Romagna as follows : Imola, January i, 1567, Ravenna, May 23,<br />

1567 (or 1568), Rimini, May 18, 1568, Bologna, June 27, 1568,<br />

Faenza, July 15, 1576, Ferrara, 1584, Sarsina 1646, Folri, May 29,<br />

1650, Bertinoro (apparently) 1708, Cervia 1827 (<strong>the</strong>re is no<br />

definite information as to a small earlier seminary), Cesena 1570,<br />

Comacchio 1779 (<strong>the</strong>se last two dates <strong>from</strong> information courteously<br />

suppHed by Lanzoni). A brief <strong>of</strong> Pius V. <strong>of</strong> August 23, 1566,<br />

placed Swiss youths in <strong>the</strong> seminaries <strong>of</strong> Milan, Cremona, Pavia,<br />

Parma and Modena ; see Wirz, Materialen zur Schweizergesch.,<br />

n. 405, p. 386 seq. For <strong>the</strong> foundation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> seminaries cf.<br />

Michaelis Thomasii, Disputationes ecclesiasticae, Rome, 1565,<br />

151 seqq.; De variis collegiis ad utilitatem publicam constituendis ;<br />

p. 192 seqq.; De seminario puellorum Deo dicandorum.<br />

'<br />

" For <strong>the</strong> most part <strong>the</strong> German bishops sent <strong>the</strong>ir clerics to<br />

<strong>the</strong> rapidly developing Jesuit schools, which were generally<br />

united to estabhshments for poor students. Such were soon set<br />

up at Graz, Olmiitz, Vienna, Innsbruck, Linz, Komotau, Dillingen

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