The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

THE CASE OF CARRANZA. 355
consultors be sent to Rome, and steps be taken to see that the
Pope listened to them.
The letters of Philip II. to his ambassador as well as to
the Pope himself bring out clearly the pretensions of the
Spanish supremacy. To the few lines in his own hand which
Pius V. had addressed to the king about Easter, 1570, in
answer to the communications made to him by Zufiiga,^
the ambassador was instructed to reply by a long defence
of the Spanish condemnation of Carranza ;2 eminent men of
learning, of unblemished reputation and great authority,
had expressed themselves as to his case, above all the two
Dominicans, Domingo de Soto and Melchior Cano ;3 on the
other hand the learned Romans were quite unknown in Spain,
while Manriquez was looked upon as the declared friend of
the archbishop, and as for Toledo, every sort of report was
current concerning him ;4 if the archbishop were reinstated
and came back to Spain, he would be able to teach and preach
as he liked with greater authority than ever, so that it would
have been better never to have taken any proceedings against
him. 5 If Pius V. had written to the king saying that he must
leave the question of Carranza's guilt to his, the Pope's,
conscience, Zufiiga must, by the king's orders, inform the
Pope in return that PhiUp's conscience with regard to his
royal duty was not satisfied to do so. The ambassador must
then put forward two demands : in the first place the decision
must be left to men of knowledge and experience, and they
must be in sufficient numbers, and secondly the final sentence
^ See supra p. 352.
= Philip II. to Zufiiga, Ubeda, June 6, 1570, Corresp. dipl., III.,
383-386.
^ It is significant of the attitude of Pius V. that in his eyes the
eccentric Cano was no authority, notwithstanding his learning :
" que el [Pius V.] tenia en ruin opJni6n a Melchor Cano," Zufiiga,
July 23, 1570, ibid. IV., xix.
^ They maintained that he was of Jewish origin : "Si es verdad
que es confeso, como algunos piensan, tengolo por de mucho
inconveniente." Zufiiga wrote on October 21, 1569 ; ibid, xiii., n..
^ Ibid. III., 384 scq.