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The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

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VISITATIONS. 219<br />

bishops <strong>of</strong> Italy, that he decided to send apostohc visitors<br />

to all <strong>the</strong> Italian dioceses to demand an account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bishops<br />

and chapters as to how <strong>the</strong>y fulfilled <strong>the</strong>ir duties.^ He began<br />

with <strong>the</strong> Kingdom <strong>of</strong> Naples, a Papal fief, which was to be<br />

visited by Tommaso Orfino, Bishop <strong>of</strong> Strongoli. Declaring<br />

that if <strong>the</strong> Archbishop <strong>of</strong> Naples had <strong>the</strong> right <strong>of</strong> visitation<br />

in all <strong>the</strong> dioceses under his jurisdiction without <strong>the</strong> royal<br />

exequatur, <strong>the</strong> Pope, as <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bishops, had <strong>the</strong> same<br />

right in a higher degree, Pius V. brushed aside <strong>the</strong> difficulties<br />

raised by <strong>the</strong> Viceroy <strong>of</strong> Naples in claiming that <strong>the</strong> royal<br />

exeauatiir was necessary for <strong>the</strong> apostohc visitor. ^ Orfino<br />

was <strong>the</strong>refore able to carry out <strong>the</strong> task imposed on him<br />

in <strong>the</strong> churches <strong>of</strong> Calabria, at Otranto and Bari and <strong>the</strong><br />

neighbouring districts, and even in Naples itself.^ A similar<br />

duty to that which had been laid on Orfino for <strong>the</strong> south,<br />

was entrusted to <strong>the</strong> distinguished Dominican bishop, Lionardo<br />

Marini, in north and central Italy. In <strong>the</strong> autumn <strong>of</strong> 1566<br />

Pius V. appointed Marini Bishop <strong>of</strong> Alba in Monferrato, and<br />

empowered him to make on his way <strong>the</strong>re a visitation <strong>of</strong> 24<br />

churches in nor<strong>the</strong>rn Italy. ^ Marini did not altoge<strong>the</strong>r<br />

come up to <strong>the</strong> hopes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> zealous Pope, and two years<br />

later he rebuked him because he had not as yet visited all<br />

<strong>the</strong> places in his district. ^ We have pro<strong>of</strong> that during 1571<br />

and 1572 apostolic visitors were sent to several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cities<br />

1 Laderchi, 1566, n. 184.<br />

Ibid. 1567, n. 64. Cf. Bonelli to Crist<strong>of</strong>oro Rodriguez, S.J.<br />

(who was to accompany Orfino), December 30, 1566, S. Franc<br />

Borgia, IV., 691 ; Bonelli to Orfino, December, 1566, ibid. 692 ;<br />

Rodriguez to Pius V., January 7, 1567, ibid. 693 ; Salmeron to<br />

Rodriguez, August 18, 1566, Salmeron Epist., II., 95 seqq. For<br />

<strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Orfino, cf. supra p. 183, n. i.<br />

^Laderchi, 1567, n. 65.<br />

* Namely Sulniona, Marsi, Chieti, Penne and Atri, Ascoli,<br />

Ancona, Sinigaglia, Fano, Pesaro, Rimini, Cesena, Forli, Berti-<br />

noro, Faenza, Imola, Modena, Reggio, Mantua, Lodi, Vigevano,<br />

Casale, Asti, Acqui. Brief <strong>of</strong> October 24, 1566, in Ughelli, IV.,<br />

422.<br />

5 Brief <strong>of</strong> August 19, 1568 in Laderchi, 1568, n. 43.

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