The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

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HISTORY OF THE POPES.
met with nothing but success. To some extent Catena is
not responsible for these defects, because, immediately after
the appearance of his " Vita di Pio V." Philip II. managed
to get the author to change, in a new edition, some of those
passages which seemed to him harmful to himself and other
princes. Thus we can hardly be surprised if, in dealing with
the relations between Philip II. and Pius V., it is not made
sufficiently clear (p. 85 seq.) that the Spanish king adhered
inflexibly to his cesaropapalism.^ In the same way the
relations of the Pope with Venice are dealt with too favourably
(p. 112 seq.). The success of Commendone with the
Emperor Maximilian in 1568 is set forth as a reality (p. 99)
while nothing whatever is said of the deceit which the Emperor
practised at the expense of the Holy See in this matter.
Nor is the conferring of the title of Grand Duke upon Cosimo
I. weU treated of (p. 119). Very characteristic of the way
in which Catena exaggerated the good in Pius V. is his statement
that in order to promote the cloth industry the Pope
expended 100,000 scudi, whereas in reality it was only 10,000.^
As to the directly false statements into which Catena, in
his wish to exalt the fame of his hero, allowed himself to be
drawn,' the most surprising are those concerning France.
After speaking of the very proper deposition of the heretical
French bishops. Catena says :
" Pio fece publicare in Francia
la detta sentenza si che i vescovi furono levati et posti in
lor vece i cattolici " (p. 60), which is in direct contradiction
of the truth. And Catena says nothing of the protection
which Chatillon, who had been deposed from the cardinalitial
dignity, received from the French government. With regard
to the breaking of the concordat he maintains (p. 61) that on
account of the remonstrances of Pius V. the French sovereigns
withdrew from their position.
TuRKE (p. 27 seq.) has also shown how incredible is the
' Catena may also be excused by the diflScuIties with which historians at
that time liad to contend, and wiiich affected these very matters : Indeed,
his life of Pius V. was absolutely prohibited in the Spanish dominions. With
FUMI, L'Inquisizione, 271, cf. the *Report of M. Brumani from Rome, September
10, 1588, Gonzasa Archives, Mantua, and Hubner, Sixte-Quint, Paris,
1870, II., 30. See also Catena, Lettere, 19 seq., 60 seq., and Bibliofilo, X.
(1889), 2 seq.
« See supra, p. 108. Catena (p. 71) adds another COO men to the auxiliary
Papal troops sent to Prance in 1-569.
' Such as the statement that during the mortal illness of the Pope in Rome
" il tutto passito con ordme et quiete " (p. 112) from which the conclusion is
drawn that this was a proof of the " ottimo governo " of Pius V. That, on
the contrary, the traditional disturbances were not altoqrether wanting is
expressly stated in the Vita di Pio V. in Anal. Bolland., XXXIII., 202.